Apush Chapter 12 People

Front 1

James Fenimore Cooper

Back 1

"Last of the Mohicans" First true American novelist, wrote of the experiences of the frontiersmen in the American wilderness and their experiences with the Native Americans.

Front 2

Walt Whitman

Back 2

"Leaves of Grass" Romantic poet, free verse, love of American democracy and individuality

Front 3

Herman Melville

Back 3

Novelist, "Moby Dick," teacher, sailor, psychological themes

Front 4

Edgar Allan Poe

Back 4

Poet and short story writer, "The Raven", "The House of Usher," themes - pain, horror, fear

Front 5

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Back 5

Transcendentalist, essayist - complicated sentences pregnant with meaning

Front 6

Henry David Thoreau

Back 6

"Walden," Transcendentalist, civil disobedience

Front 7

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Back 7

"Scarlet Letter," dangers of individuality, a man's ego the 'serpent' that lies at the heart of human misery.

Front 8

Father Theobald Matthew

Back 8

drinking a moral evil, urged pledge of abstinence (originator of the "Prom Promise"??) promoted by the Teetotal Abstinence Society - pledge taken by 500,000

Front 9

William Gilmore Simms

Back 9

most distinguished Southern "man of letters" in 1840s, supported class division, slavery and secession in his writings

Front 10

Neal Dow

Back 10

drinking a moral evil, called "Napoleon of Temperance" for his role in passing the Main Temperance Law of 1846

Front 11

Wendell Phillips

Back 11

lectured against slavery as an evil, persuaded the academics with his logical thinking, gave up his legal practice because the Constitution allowed slavery

Front 12

Robert Owen

Back 12

Utopian community in New Harmony, IN, that failed due to the dissension, laziness of members and DISharmony, opposed owning private property-organized religion-marriage, thought character of children (born 'good') formed by their environment, opposed to physical punishment of children and thought they should study rather than work

Front 13

George Ripley

Back 13

objected to evils of competitive economics (reaction to Panic of 1837), organized Brook Farm (outside Boston) - lasted 6 years and was attended by many leading intellectuals such as Hawthorne and Emerson, founded well-known school

Front 14

John Humphrey Noyes

Back 14

opposed sin in society, started two Utopian communities - best known was Oneida, NY, controversial positions on "complex marriage" (multiple sexual partners) and "scientific propagation" (eugenics)

Front 15

Joseph Smith

Back 15

founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons), criticized for polygamy, preached in the "burned over district", murdered

Front 16

Brigham Young

Back 16

Led Mormons to Salt Lake City, UT, where the church flourished

Front 17

"Mother" Ann Lee

Back 17

founded the "Shakers," emphasized separation of the sexes and celibacy, known for hand-crafts (especially furniture)

Front 18

Charles Grandison Finney

Back 18

Second Great Awakening revivalist, emphasized emotionalism

Front 19

William Loyd Garrison

Back 19

for immediate abolition of slavery, edited "The Liberator," efforts helped to bring about the passage of the 13th amendment abolishing slavery (1865), later efforts included other reform causes

Front 20

Theodore Dwight Weld

Back 20

best known white abolitionist, wrote influential pamphlet, "American Slavery As It Is," disciple of Finney, friends of fellow abolitionists the Tappen Brothers and Grimke sisters (married Angelina Grimke), followers known as "the seventy", converted large numbers of people to abolitionist cause, fired from Lane Seminary because he helped students to revolt

Front 21

David Walker

Back 21

radical free African American abolitionist from NC, advocated use of violence, "The Appeal"

Front 22

Frederick Douglass

Back 22

former slave, most influential African American abolitionist, author/editor of "The North Start," parted with Garrison over differing ideas, autobiography influenced Lincoln, appointed ambassador to Haiti

Front 23

Harriet Tubman

Back 23

escaped slavery, Underground Railroad, "Moses" of her people, 19 tips back into slave territory, helped over 300 slaves escape, spy for Union army in Civil War

Front 24

Lyman Beecher

Back 24

drinking a moral evil, began society for the Reformation of Morals and American Society for the Promotion of Temperance - led to the Maine Anti-Liquor ("blue" or "prohibition" laws) of 1846 (later the 18th amendment in the 1920s; repealed by the 21st amendment in 1933), first President of Lane Seminary, 13 children - 7 sons all became clergymen and 2 daughters became well-known writers, became famous in 1804 for sermon on death of Alex Hamilton in duel with Aaron Burr, tried by Presbyterian Church for his "new school" (liberal) beliefs, started American Bible Society

Front 25

Catherine Beecher

Back 25

daughter of Lyman Beecher, promoted exercise for girls and getting them out of restrictive corsets, wrote "Treatise on Domestic Economy," moderate feminist - women to be "keepers at home"

Front 26

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Back 26

author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin", became interested in abolition when family lived in Main, Lincoln referred to her as the "little lady who started a great war"

Front 27

Dorothea Dix

Back 27

fought for better conditions for mentally ill - wanted them separated from criminals in prisons, detailed abuses in almshouses and prisons

Front 28

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Back 28

feminist and primary organizer of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention where "Declaration of Sentiments" was pronounced, determined organizer

Front 29

Lucretia Mott

Back 29

criticized slavery, male domination, drinking, war and good friend of Stanton, helped to organize Seneca Falls Convention, active part in Underground Railroad, emphasized importance of the vote of women, argued against notion of "separate spheres" for men and women

Front 30

Elizabeth Blackwell

Back 30

first female physician in U?S, born in England and returned there at end of life

Front 31

Amelia Bloomer

Back 31

inventor of the "bloomer" - clothing innovation that permitted women to enjoy less restrictive dress, ride bicycles, and experience less danger from hearth fires

Front 32

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Back 32

sisters, anti-slavery lectures, created controversy, rebuked by the MA clergy because they violated women's "proper place"

Front 33

Elijah Lovejoy

Back 33

called for immediate abolition of slavery, printing press destroyed several times - built new ones, fiery speaker, fanatic, killed at one of his presses and became an abolitionist martyr

Front 34

Alihu Burritt

Back 34

hated modern warfare, organized League of Universal Brotherhood whose members pledged not to support future wars

Front 35

Dr. Sylvester Graham

Back 35

condemned tobacco, tea, coffee, alcohol and many foods - advocated eating course bread ("Graham crackers") and fruits and vegetables, wearing light clothing, sleeping on hard mattresses, exercising daily, and bathing 3 times a week - established boarding houses to enforce his principles

Front 36

Horace Mann

Back 36

promoted improvement of public schools and teacher training, Secretary of MA Board of Education, increased teacher salaries, lengthened school year, enforced attendance