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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mouth
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oral cavity forming the beginning of the digestive system
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teeth
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structures of the jaws for biting and masticating food
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tongue
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chief organ of taste; aids in mastication, swallowing, and speech
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salivary glands
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pertaining to the saliva; glands in the mouth that secrete saliva
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pharynx
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the throat
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esophagus
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membranous passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach
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stomach
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the musculomembranous expansion of the digestive tract between the esophagus and duodenum, conssiting of a cardiac part, a fundus, a body, and a pyloric part
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duodenum
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the first portion of the small intestine
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jejunum
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part of the small intestine from the duodenum to the ileum
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ileum
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last portion of the small intestine, from jejunum to cecum
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pancreas
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a large, elongated gland situated transversely behind the stomach
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liver
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the large, dark red gland in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side, just beneath the diaphragm
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gallbladder
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the pear-shaped reservoir for bile, behind the liver
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cecum
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the first part of the large intestine, a dilated pouch
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ascending colon
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portion of the colon from the cecum to the hepatic flexure
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trasverse colon
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portion of the large intestine passing transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, between the hepatic and splenic flexure
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descending colon
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portion of the colon from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon
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sigmoid colon
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portion of the large intestine between descedning colon and rectum
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rectum
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the last portion of the large intestine
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anus
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opening of the rectum on the body surface
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adhesion
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union of two surfaces normally separate
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alcoholism
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excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, interfering with b[ersonal health and economy
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anorexia nervosa
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lack or loss of appetite for food; a psycho-physiologic condition characterized by symptoms of undernutrition
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appendicits
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inflammation of the appendix, which may rupture
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borborygmus
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audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis
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botulism
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an extremely severe type of food poisioning caused by a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum in improperly canned or preserved foods
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carcinoma
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a malignant tumor
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celiac disease
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damage to the lining of the small intestine caused by the inability to digest gluten found in wheat, resulting in malabsorption of nutrients and malnutrition, if untreated
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cholelithiasis
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gallstones, hardened cholesterol stones formed from bile crystallization
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cirrhosis
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intersitial inflammation of an orga, particularly the liver
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cleft lip/palate
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cogenital fissure or split of the lip or roof of the mouth
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colitis
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inflammation of the colon, ulcerative or spastic
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cryptitis
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inflammation of a crypt, especially the anal crypt
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diverticulitis
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inflammation of the diverticula, the pouches that form in the walls of the large intestine
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dysentery
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inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, with abdominal pain, dirrhea, and blood and mucus in stools
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emaciation
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excessive leannes caused by disease or lack of nutrition
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emesis
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material expelled from the stomach during vomiting
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esophageal atresia
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congenital absence of the opening between esophagus and stomach
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esophageal varices
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enlarged, incompetent veins in the distal esophagus, usually caused by portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis
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esophagitis
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inflammation of the esophagus
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femoral
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hernia into the femoral canal
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flexure
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a bend or fold
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gastric ulcers
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peptic or duodenal tissue inflammation of the stomach or intestinal linings, with pain and sometimes bleeding form perforation
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gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach lining
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of the stomach and intestine caused by ingested harmful bacterial toxin, with acute nausea and vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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flow of gastric acid contents back up in to the esophagus causing heartburn and, if chronic, esophagitis
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glossitis
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inflammatin of the tongue
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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hernia
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protusion of a portion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening
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hiatal
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protusion of any structure through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
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Hirschsprung's disease
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congenital megacolon due to absence of autonomic ganglia in a spegment of smooth muscle that normally stimulates peristalsis
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impaction
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condition of being impacted
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inguinal
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hernia into the inguinal canal
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intussuception
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prolapse of a part of the intestine into the lumen of an immediately adjacent part
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irritable bowel syndrome
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increased motility of the small or large intestine causing nausea, pain, anorexia, and trapping of gas throughout the intestinal tract
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melena
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abnormal black, tarry stool containing digested blood
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nausea and vomiting
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common symptoms in many GI disorders
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obesity
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BMI of greater thatn or equal to 30
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oral leukoplakia
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precancerous lesion in the mouth
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
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phenylketonuria
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a congenital inability to metabolize phenylalanine, a component of protein
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polyposis
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the formation of numerous polyps
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pyloric stenosis
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an obstruction of the pyloric orifice of the stomach, congenital or acquired
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rectocele
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hernia of the rectum through the vaginal floor
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sialolith
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salivary duct stone
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ulcers
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a local defect of the surface of an organ or tissue
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umbilical
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protusion of the abdominal contents through the abdominal wall at the umbilicus
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anastomosis
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surgical formation of a connection between two parts
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appendectomy
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excision of the appendix
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biopsy
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removal of tissue for microscopic diagnosis
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bypass
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a shunt, a surgically created pathqay
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cheiloplasty
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surgical repair of a lip defect
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cholecystectomy
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excision of the gallbladder
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choledochuduodenostomy
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surgical formation of an opening into the duodenum that conencts it with the common bile duct
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colostomy
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surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the body surface
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gastrectomy
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excision of the stomach, may be partial or subtotal
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herniorrhaphy
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surgical creation of an opening into the ileum with a stoma on the abdominal wall
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ileostomy
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surgical creation of an opening into the ileum with a stoma on the abdominal wall
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laparotomy
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incision through any part of the abdominal wall
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portacaval shunt
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connecting the portal vein and inferior vena cava to bypass a cirrhotic liver
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stomach stapling
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part of the stomach stapled to permit passage of a small amount of food, used to treat gross obesity
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vagotomy
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cutting the vagus nerve to reduce stomach stiumulation, used to treat an ulcer
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barium swallow
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also called upper GI series
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biopsy
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removal and examination usually microscopic, of tissue from the lving body, performed for diagnosis
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blood tests or laboratory tests
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chemical analyses of various substances in the blood to make diagnoses
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cholangiography
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x-ray examination of the bile ducts using a radiopaque de as a contrast medium
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colonoscopy
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endoscopic examination of the colon, either transabdominally during laparotomy, or transanally by means of a colonoscope
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digital examination
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insertion of the gloved finger into the rectum or vagina
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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using endoscopes to examine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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flat plate of abdomen
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an x-ray film of the abdomen
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fluoroscopy
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radiological technique to examine the function of an organ
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gastrointestinal series
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an examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract using barium as the contrast medium for a series of x-ray films
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gastroscopy
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inspection of the stomach's interior with a gastroscope
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magnetic resonance imaging
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noninvasive scanning to visualize fluid, and soft and bone tissue
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proctoscopy
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inspection of the sigmoid and rectum with a proctoscope
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scan
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an image produced using a mvoing detector a sweeping beam of radiation, as in scintiscanning, B-mode ultrasonography, scanography, or CAT
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serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase
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an enzyme in high concentration in liver cells
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stool sample or specimen
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a small stool sample for laboratory study
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ultrasonography
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using ultrasound to obtain a visual record of any organ
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absorption
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the uptake from the intestine of fluids, solutes, proteins, fats, and other nutrients into the intestinal wall cells, blood, lymph, or body fluids
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anabolism
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building up using nutrients for growth and development
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catabolism
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burning nutrients: breakdown in presence of oxygen
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deciduous
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primary teeth replaced by permanent
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deglutition
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the act of swallowing
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digestion
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the act of converting food and fludis into chemical substances that can be absorbed and assimilated
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elimination
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excreting solid waste
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epiglottis
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thin leaf-shaped structure posterior to root of tongue
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excretion
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excreting body solid and liquid waste
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incisors
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front teeth used for biting, tearing
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ingestion
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taking food, liquids, drugs...by mouth
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mandible
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lower jaw
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mastication
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chewing
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maxilla
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upper jaw
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molars
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crushing and grinding teeth
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palate
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roof of the mouth
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papillae
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small rough elevations on tongue and roof of mouth
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periodontal disease
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group of inflammatory gum disorders
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peristalsis
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muscular movement of food and liquid through the GI tract
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trachea
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wide, short tube, commonly called the windpipe
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uvula
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small cone-shaped tissue hanging from soft palate of the mouth
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achalasia
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decreased mobility of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus, along with constriction of the muscle between the esophgus and stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter
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anasarca
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generalized massive edema
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ascites
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abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
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buccal
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pertaining to the cheek
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cachexia
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severe malnutrition and wasting, emaciation
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dental caries
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tooth decay formed from microorganisms maintained in the mouth
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enema
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introduction of fluid into the rectum to promote evacuation of feces or to administer nutrient or medicinal substances
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enteropathy
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a disease of the intestine
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enzyme
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a protein produced in a cell capable of facilitating a specific biologic or chemical reaction
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fistula
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an abnormal passage between two internal organs, or leading to the body surface
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gamma globulins
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substances containing antibodies
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gavage
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forced feeding, espeically through a tube passed into the stomach
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glossal
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pertaining to the tongue
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hyperalimentation
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an intravenous feeding program similar to total perenteral nutrition
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lavage
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washing out an organ
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lingual
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pertaining to the tongue
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