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199 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
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abdomen
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an/o
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anus
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appendic/o
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appendix
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bil/i, chol/e
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bile
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bucc/o
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cheek
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cheil/o
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lip
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col/o, colon/o
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colon
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cyst/o
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bladder or sac
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dent/i
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teeth
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doch/o
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duct
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duoden/o
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duodenum
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enter/o
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small intestine
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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gastr/o
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stomach
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gingiv/o
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gum
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gloss/o, lingu/o
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tongue
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hepat/o, hepatic/o
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liver
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herni/o
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hernia
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ile/o
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ileum
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inguin/o
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groin
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jejun/o
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jejunum (empty)
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lith/o
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stone
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or/o, stomat/o
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mouth
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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peritone/o
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peritoneum
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phag/o
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eat or swallow
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proct/o
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anus and rectum
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pylor/o
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pylorus (gatekeeper)
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rect/o
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rectum
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sial/o
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saliva
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon (resembles)
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steat/o
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fat
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-emesis
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vomiting
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oral cavity, mouth
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cavity that receives food for digestion
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salivary glands
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three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, submandibular (submacillary), and sublingual glands
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cheeks
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lateral walls of the mouth
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lips
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fleshy structures surrounding the mouth
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palate
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structure that forms the roof of the mouth, divided into the hard and soft palate
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uvula
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small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
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tongue
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muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucouse membrane known as the frenulum
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gums
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tissue covering the processes of the jaws
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teeth
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hard bony projections in the jaws for mastication
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esophagus
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muscular tube that moves food deom the pharynx to the stomach
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pharynx
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throat, passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and air traveling to the larynx
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stomach
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saclike organ that chemically mixed and prepares food received from the esophagus
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cardiac sphincter
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opening from the esophagus to the stomach
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pyloric sphincter
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opening from the stomach into the duodenum
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small intestine
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tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach
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duodenum
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first portion of the small intestine
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jejunum
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second portion of the small intestine
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ileum
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third portion of the small intestine
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large intestines
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larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation
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cecum
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first part of the large intestine
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vermiform appendix
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wormlike projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help resist infection
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colon
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portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum, identified by direction and shape
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ascending colon
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portion of the colon that extends upward from the cecum
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transverse colon
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portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending colon
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descending colon
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portion of the colon that extends down from the transverse colon
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sigmoid colon
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portion of the colon (resembling and S) that terminates at the rectum
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rectum
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distal (end) portion of the large intestine
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rectal ampulla
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dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal
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anus
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opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
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feces
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waste formed by absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid
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defecation
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evacuation of feces from the rectum
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peritoneum
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membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity, consisting of the parietal layer and visceral layer
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peritoneal cavity
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space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
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omentum
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an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs
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liver
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organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
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gallbladder
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receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver
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pancreas
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gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food
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biliary ducts
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ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic and common bile ducts
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hyponchondirac regions
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upper lateral regions beneath the ribs
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epigastric region
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upper middle region below the sternum
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lumbar region
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middle lateral regions
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umbilical region
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region of the navel
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inguinal regions
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lower lateral groin regions
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hypogastric region
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region below the navel
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anorexia
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loss of appetite
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aphagia
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inability to swallow
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ascites
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an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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buccal
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in the cheek
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diarrhea
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frequent loose or liquid stools
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constipation
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infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass
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dyspepsia
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indigestion
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dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing
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eructation
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belch
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flatulence
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gas in the stomach or intestines
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halitosis
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bad breath
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hematochezia
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red blood in stool
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hematemesis
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vomiting blood
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hepatomegaly
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enlargement of the liver
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hyperbilirubinemia
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excessive level of bilirubin in the blood
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icterus, jaundice
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yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera, and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood
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melena
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dark colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
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nausea
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feeling of sick in the stomach
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steatorrhea
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feces containing fat
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sublingual, hypoglossal
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under the tongue
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stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth
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sialoadenitis
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inflammation of the salivary gland
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parotiditis, parotitis
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inflammation of the parotid gland, also called mumps
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cheilitis
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inflammation of the lip
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glossitis
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inflammation of the tongue
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ankyloglossia
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a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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esophageal varices
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swollen twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
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esophagitis
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inflammation of the esophagus
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gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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a backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus
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pyloric stenosis
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a narrowed condition of the pylorus
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peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
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a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with helicobacter pylori bacteria
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gastric ulcer
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ulcer located in the stomach
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duodenal ulcer
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ulcer located in the duodenum
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of stomach and small intestine
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enteritis
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inflammation of the small intestine
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ileitis
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inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
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colitis
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inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine of the colon
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ulcerative colitis
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chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations
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diverticulum
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an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to lack of dietary fiber
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diverticulosis
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presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the bowel
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diverculitis
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inflammation of the diverticula
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dysentery
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inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
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appendicitis
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inflammation of the appendix
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hernia
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protrusion of part from its normal location
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hiatal hernia
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protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
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inguinal hernia
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protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
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incarcerated hernia
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hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
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strangulated hernia
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hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
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umbilical hernia
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protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus
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intussusception
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prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
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volvulus
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twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
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polyposis
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multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high potential for becoming malignant
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polyp
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tumor on a stalk
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proctitis
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inflammation of the rectum and anus
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anal fistula
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an abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum
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hemorrhoid
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swollen, twisted vein in the anal region
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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hepatitis A
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infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus, usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water
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hepatitis B
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inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
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hepatitis C
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inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, transmitted by exposure to infected blood
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cirrhosis
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chronic disease characterized by degeneration of the liver tissue most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency
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cholangitis
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inflammation of the bile ducts
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cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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cholelithiasis
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presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
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choledocholithisais
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presence of stones in the common bile duct
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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biopsy (Bx)
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removal and microscopic study of tissue
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incisional Bx
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removal of a portion of lesion for pathologic
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excisional Bx
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removal of an entire lesion for pathologic examination
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esophagoscopy
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examination of the esophagus with an esophagoscope
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gastroscopy
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examination of the stomach with a gastroscope
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upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
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examination of the linning of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a flexible endoscope; also called esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or panendoscopy
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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laparoscopy
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examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope, often including interventional surgical procedures
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peritoneoscopy
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examination of the peritoneal cavity with a peritoneoscope, often performed to examine the liver and obtain a biopsy specimen
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colonoscopy
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examination of the colon using a flexible colonscope
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sigmoidoscopy
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examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
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proctoscopy
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examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope
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upper GI series
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x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium
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barium swallow
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x-ray of the esophagus only, often used to locate swallowed objects
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fluoroscopy
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x-ray using a flourecent screen to visualize strcutres in motion
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small bowel series
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x-ray examination of the small intestine, generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series
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lower GI series barium enema
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x-ray of the colon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium
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cholangiogram
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x-ray of the bile ducts, often performed during surgery
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cholecystogram
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x-ray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine
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stool culture and sensitivity (C & S)
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isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease causing organisms
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stool occult blood study
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a chemical test of stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding in the GI tract
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cheiloplasty
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repair of the lip
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glossectomy
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excision of the tongue
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glossorrhaphy
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suture of the tongue
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esophagoplasty
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repair of the esophagus
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gastrectomy
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partial or complete removal of the stomach
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gastric resection
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partial removal and repair of the stomach
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gastroenterostomy
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formation of an artificial opeing between the stomach and small intestine; often performed at the time of a gastrectomy to route food from the remainder of the stomach to the intestine
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abdominocentesis
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puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid
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laparotomy
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incision into the abdomen
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laparoscopic surgery
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abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
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herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty
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repair of a hernia
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colostomy
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creation of an opening on the colon through the abdominal wall to create an abdominal anus allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon, performed to treat ulcerative colitis, cancer, or obstructions
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anastomosis
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union of two hollow vessels, a technique of bowel surgery
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ileostomy
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surgical creation of an opening on the abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ileal discharges, performed after removal of the colon such as to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis
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appendectomy
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excision of a diseased appendix
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incidental appendectomy
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removl of the appendix during abdominal surgery for another procedure
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polypectomy
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excision of polyps
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proctoplasty
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repair of the anus and rectum
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anal fistulectomy
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excision of an anal fistula
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hemorrhoidectomy
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excision of hemorrhoids
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hepatic lobectomy
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excision of a lobe of the liver
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cholecystectomy
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excision of the gallbladder
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laparoscopic cholecytectomy
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excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope
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cholelithotomy
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an incision for removal of gallstones
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choledocholithotomy
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an incision of the common bile duct for extraction of gallstones
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pancreatectomy
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excision of the pancreas
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gastric lavage
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oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination and treatment, such as to remove blood clots ffrom the stomach or monitor bleeding
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nasogastric (NG) intubation
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insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach for various purposes, such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis
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antacid
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drug that neutralizes stomach acid
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antiemetic
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drug that prevents or stops vomiting
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antispasmodic
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drug that decreases motility in gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
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cathartic
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drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative
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