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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
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31
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What is the deep groove on the ventral surface that extends the length of the spinal chord
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Anterior Median Fissure
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What spinal nerves comprise the cauda equina
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1) Lumber
2) Sacral 3) Coccygeal |
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What 2 grooves extend the length of the spinal cord and partially divide it into right and left halves
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1) Anterior Median Fissure
2) Posterior Median Sulcus |
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The fibrous strand or terminal filum that anchors the inferior end of the spinal cord to the coccyx is a continuation of what
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Pia Mater
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What is the space superficial to the meninges in the spinal cord area in which an anesthetic is injected to block pain impulses from the pelvic area called
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Epidural Space
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What are the four regions into which the spinal cord is divided
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1) Lumbar
2) Sacral 3) Thoracic 4) Cervical |
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What is the spinal cord contiguous superiorally with
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Medulla Oblongata
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What area of the spinal cord do nerves that supply the lower limbs enter or exit from
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Lumbar Enlargement
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True or False
The spinal cord extends to the level of lumbar vertebra three in an adult |
False
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The inferior end of the spinal cord is anchored to the coccyx by the
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Filum Terminale
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The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is organized into 3 columns. What are the 3 columns
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1) Ventral Column
2) Lateral Column 3) Dorsal Column |
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What are the subdivions of the gray matter on either side of the spinal cord
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Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior Horns
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What area of the spinal cord do nerves that supply the upper limbs enter or exit from
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Cervical Enlargement
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What cell bodies are contained in the lateral horns of the gray matter in the thoracic region of the spinal cord
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Sympathetic Motor Neurons
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What connects the gray matter on the right and left sides of the spinal cord
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Gray Commisure
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What is synonymous with columns as in columns of white matter in the spinal cord
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Funiculi
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What do each column in the white matter of the spinal cord consist one or more of
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Tracts
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How are the white matter in each half of the spinal cord arranged
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3 Columns: Ventral, Dorsal, Lateral
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True or False
All the motor nerve fibers in spinal nerves extend uninterrupted from the spinal cord to an effector |
False
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Where do ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord occur
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In the columns
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What is involved in the knee jerk reflex
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Sensory and Motor Nerves
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True or False
The knee jerk reflex involves conduction of nerve impulses from sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron |
False
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What type of reflex is involved in a knee jerk reflex
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It is a spinal reflex and a somatic reflex
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What does a knee jerk reflex help to maintain
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It helps to maintain an upright position
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What reflex inhibits skeletal muscle contractions
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Golgi Tendon Reflex
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John injured the quadriceps muscles in his legs due to increased tension and tearing while horsing around on the football field. What reflex failed to protect the muscles
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Golgi Tendon Reflex
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What spinal reflex is involved in excitatory interneurons
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Withdrawal Reflex
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What occurs when walking barefoot and you step on a tack with your right foot
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1) Flexor muscles in your right thigh and leg contract to remove your foot
2) Reciprocal innervation inhibits extensor muscles in the same limb 3)Collaterals of interneurons stimulate a crossed extensor reflex |
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True or False
You are walking barefoot ands step on a tack with your right foot, collaterals of sensory neurons stimulate alpha motor neurons that cause extension in the opposite limb |
False
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What do reflex arcs contain
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1) Sensory Reception
2) Sensory Neuron 3) Motor Neuron |
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What are the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs
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8 Cervical
12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral 1 Coccygeal |
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A man was in an accident and severed his spinal cord between C6 and C7. What occurs
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1) Loss of sensation in the trunk below the shoulders, the lower limbs and portions of the arms
2) Loss of movement in the lower limbs 3) Damage to the intercostal nerves, which would affect breathing because the intercostal muscles would be paralyzed |
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True or False
The damage to the phrenic nerves that affect breathing would occur if the C6 and C7 of the spinal cord are severed |
False
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What do the anterior branch or ramus of a spinal nerve supply
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Muscles and skin on the front and sides of the trunk and limbs
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Where are fibers of adjacent spinal nerves sorted and recombined so that fibers specific to a body part reach that body part in the same nerve
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Plexus
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The brachial nerves supplies nerves that function to contract with....
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Muscles of the arm and forearm
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The sciatic nerves arise from which plexus
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Lumbosacral Plexus
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What combination of spinal nerves supplies the brachial plexuses
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C5-T1
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What peripherial nerves are associated with the brachial plexuses
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1) Axillary Nerves
2) Radial Nerves 3) Ulnar Nerves |
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True or False
The femoral nerves are peripheral nerves associated with the brachial plexuses |
False
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What nerves that arise from the lumbosacral plexuses are the largest and longest peripheral nerves in the body
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Sciatic Nerves
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True or False
The sacral plexus is paired with the muscuolcutaneous nerve |
False
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List the plexuses and the peripheral nerves it originates from
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1) Brachial - Radial Nerve
2) Cervical - Phrenic Nerve 3) Lumbar - Femoral Nerve |
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True or False
The ventral branches or rami of spinal nerves do not join to form nerve plexuses in the thoracic area of the spinal cord |
True
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After the left humerus is broken, what nerve is damaged if sensation on the posterior aspect of the limb is lost and extension of the forearm, wrist, or fingers is not possible
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Radial Nerve
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After a hip is severely injured, what nerve is damaged if the extension of the right leg is not possible
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Femoral Nerve
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What do the ventral rami of adjacent nerves intermingle with each other to form
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A plexus
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What nerve arises from the brachial plexus and innervates all of the extensor muscles of the upper limb
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Radial Nerve
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Compression of what nerve arising from the brachial plexus results in numbness, tingling, and pain in the fingers, a condition called carpal tunnel syndrome
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Median Nerve
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What nerve that arises from the lumbosacral plexus is the largest peripheral nerve in the body
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Ischiadic Nerve
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Before a doctor performs an episiotomy, a cut in the perineum that makes the opening of the birth canal larger, branches of what nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexuses are anesthetized
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Pudental Nerves
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Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm arise primarily from what plexuses
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Cervical
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What pair of spinal nerves does Not supply any skin area
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C1
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