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58 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Plurality |
The largest number of something, but not the majority Notes: • Election of 1824 - Andrew Jackson received a plurality of the popular vote - When neither candidate wins the majority of the electoral vote, the House of Representatives selects president |
Not the majority, but greater than the minority |
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Mudslinging |
A method in election campaigns that uses gossip and lies to make an opponent look bad Notes: • Election of 1828 - Democrats favor Jackson, national Republicans favored Adams - Both campaigns resorted to mudslinging |
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Voting Rights |
The rights that were given by Andrew Jackson to all American white men to vote. Notes: - By the 1820s white American men were able to vote - By 1828 almost all states let voters, not state legislators, choose presidential electors - Women, Native Americans, and blacks couldn't vote |
A right you recieve by age 18 |
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Bureaucracy |
A system of government in which specialized tasks are carried out by appointed officials rather than by elected ones. Notes: • Democrats want to the federal government to be more open to its people (in job terms). • Democrats disagreed with it being a bureaucracy - After taking office in 1829, Jackson fired several federal workers and replace them with his supporters. |
What the center letter in FBI stands for. |
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Spoils System |
The practice of handing out government jobs to supporters; replacing government employees with the winning candidates supporters. Notes: • A Jackson supporter said, "to the victors belong the spoils". • his supporters believe they have the right to the benefits of victory |
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Relocate |
To move to another place Notes: • The Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw) lived in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. • Some Americans wanted the federal government to relocate the tribes west of the Mississippi River • Jackson obliged |
Fancier for "to move" |
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Indian Territory |
A region established 1934 by Congress in what is now the state of Oklahoma to be the new home of the southeast Indians Notes: • In 1830 President Jackson pushed the Indian Removal Act - The fact allowed government officials to pay Native Americans to move west - Many Native Americans felt forced to sell their land |
Established specifically for relocated Indians |
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Worcester vs. Georgia |
The court case revolving around the Cherokee not wanting to leave their land in Georgia, forced by Georgia during 1832 Notes: • Georgia kept pressuring the Cherokee to leave their land and they turned to the Supreme Court • Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Georgia did not have the right to interfere with a Cherokee • President Jackson supported Georgia and declared he would ignore the ruling and did not enforce it |
A court case revolving around the Cherokee. |
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Trail of Tears |
The Cherokee's forced journey west; Trail Where They Cried Notes: • 1835: The federal gov. convinced about 500 Cherokee to sign the treaty of New Echota - In this treaty, the Indian group agreed to give up all Cherokee land by 1838 • May, 1838: General Winfield Scott arrived in the Cherokee Nation with 7000 troops to move them by force - the Cherokee began their march between June and Dec. - In the end, about 3/4 of the Cherokee population died during the move |
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Osceola |
The Seminole leader originally born a Creek Notes: • The Seminole in Florida were the only group to successfully resist removal • they were pressurized in the early 1830s, but Osceola and his followers refuse to leave • "I will make the white man red with blood, and then blacken him in the Sun and rain." - Osceola |
Leader of the fierce Indian group in Florida |
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The Five Civilized Tribes |
The Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw Notes: • The tribes had created successful farming communities similar to American ones • As a result, Americans consider them civilized, hence the name, the Five Civilized Tribes |
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The Panic of 1837 |
A financial panic that hit the nation in 1837 Notes: • President Jackson dislike the second National Bank of the United States and vetoed the bill to renew the its charter - State banks began issuing large amounts of banknotes - The government stopped accepting banknotes as payment for purchasing land - People questioned the value of banknotes, leading to economic panic • The Panic of 1837 led to a depression - Banks failed - Land values dropped - Businesses closed, causing people to lose their jobs and farmers their land - Many couldn't afford food or rent - President Van Buren did little to ease the situation |
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Joint Occupation |
A situation in which people from two countries can occupy an area Notes: • 1819: Secretary of State John Adams cuts pain to approve the Adams Onis treaty - Spain give up all claim of Oregon • 1824: Russia gave up all land south of Alaska • 1818: Adams worked out an agreement with Britain for joint occupation • 1825: Adams became president proposed of the two nations divide Oregon along the 49°N latitude line - Britain refused and the countries extended the joint occupation |
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Mountain Men |
An adventurer of the American West Notes: • Fur traders had been the first American to take up the challenge of living in Oregon Country and were tough and independent • Jim Bridger & Kit Carson: mountain men, found work as guides with knowledge of western lands |
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Emigrants |
A person who leaves his or her country to live somewhere else Notes: • American immigrants took to the Oregon trail were drawn by reports of fertile Oregon land • 1824: about 1000 emigrants made the journey |
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Tejano |
A Texan of Latin American, often Mexican, descent Notes: • Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821. At the same time the non-native American population of Texas was about 3,000. Most were Tejanos. • Tensions with Mexico developed when Americans now heavily populated Texas and refused to learn Spanish and become Catholic |
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Decree |
An official order Notes: • 1830: Mexico issued a decree closing its borders to further immigration • American settlers led by Austin and Sam Houston failed to make peace with Mexican leaders and Texans began planning to break away from Mexico. • 1835- Mexican general Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna took an army to Texas. In December the Texans captured San Antonio and Santa Anna's army reached San Antonio in late February 1836. - They found a small Texan force barricaded inside a mission building called the Alamo |
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Annex |
To add a territory to one's own territory Notes: • September 1836: Texans elected Sam Houston as their president • He sent a delegation to Washington DC to ask the US to take control of Texas • President Jackson refused their request because the addition of another slave state would have upset the balance of slave and free states in Congress |
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Boomtown |
A fast growing community Notes: • The California Gold Rush - As people rush to a new area to look for gold, towns and small cities appeared almost overnight - San Francisco, like many other cities, became a boomtown, growing from a tiny village to a city of about 20000 people |
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How did Jackson lose the election the first time he ran in 1824? |
He received a plurality and the House of Representatives had to select president. Could I use this influence a speaker and helped Adams win the election. |
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Explain how the Democrats change the government through voting rights and bureaucracy. |
Before, only men who owned property to pay taxes could vote. By the 1820s many states had loosened their requirements. By 1828 nearly all states let voters, rather than state legislatures, choose presidential electors. |
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Why did Jackson pass the force bill? |
So he could enforce the 1832 tariff on South Carolina by using the military. |
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What was the purpose of the Indian Removal Act? |
To provide more land for American settlers and relocate the Five Civilized Tribes to west of the Mississippi River. |
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How did the Seminole resist forced removal? |
The attack troops led by Major Francis Pade in 1835 and fleet into the Everglades area and the federal government gave up on them. |
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Why did Jackson dislike the National Bank so much? |
The president of the National Bank, Nicholas Biddle, represented everything Jackson disliked. Jackson viewed the bank as a monopoly that favored wealthy Easterners and limited Western growth. |
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What was the purpose of Van Buren's new Treasury system? |
The government no longer had to deposit money into private banks and it prevented state and private banks from using government money to back their banknotes. |
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Who were the Whigs and what happened to them? |
They were a new party that included former national Republicans and anti- Jackson forces. |
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What did America gain from the Adams Onis treaty? |
The Spanish agreed to set the limits of their territory and what is now California's northern border and give up all claims to Oregon. In 1824 Russia gave up its claim on all land south of Alaska. |
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Explain why Americans believed in manifest destiny. |
Americans believed the nation should be a model of freedom and democracy. It would work better if they could spread that idea. |
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How did Polk and Clay differ in the election of 1844? |
Polk was a Democrat and believed the Oregon border should be placed at 54 40. Clay did not take position on the Oregon issue and was a Whig. |
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What factor delayed Florida's statehood? |
Another state had to enter as free so Florida can enter as a slave state or else the balance of free and slave states would be broken in Congress. |
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Who and where was the Santa Fe Trail established? Why was it important? |
William Becknell was the founder of the Santa Fe Trail. The trail begins near Independence Missouri and cross the prairies to Arkansas River. It followed the river west toward the Rocky Mountains before turning south. It became a busy trade route. |
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How did President Polk start a war with Mexico? |
He said representatives for negotiations in order General Zachary Taylor to lead us for this into the disputed area on the Rio Grande. Mexican leaders believed this to be an invasion of the country. |
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What was the result of the war with Mexico - terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? |
Mexico gave the u.s. 500000 squared miles of territory. Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as its border with Texas. The United States also paid Mexico 15 million dollars and assumed 3.25 million in debts Mexico owed American citizens. |
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Who actually got rich in the boom towns and how? |
Boomtown merchants. They could charge whatever they like for food and other essential items because they were no other nearby stores that sold these products. |
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How did the Gold Rush lead to the development of California? |
Agriculture, shipping, and trade group to meet the demand for food and other goods. Rapid growth brought the need for a better government. In 1845, California applied as a free state. It received statehood in 1850. |
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What were the ideas Joseph Smith wanted in his ideal society for Mormons? Who replaced him when he died? |
Joseph Smith believed that property should be held in common, not belong to individuals. He also believed in polygamy. When he died, Brigham Young took over Smith's role. |
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Describe the life of Mormons in the desert, how did they succeed? |
They carefully planned towns. They also build irrigation canals for farms and text property. They regulated the use of water, timber, and other resources. They founded industries to be self sufficient and sold supplies to 49ers going to California. |
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What country did the Industrial Revolution begin in? |
Great Britain; England |
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Three reasons the Industrial Revolution began in the New England Region. |
• It's geography- people gave up farmwork to work elsewhere • New England's many rivers & streams offered the water power they needed to run factory machinery • The areas many ports allowed imports of raw materials & exports of finished ones |
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How did tech make the Industrial Revolution possible? Give an example. |
• New machines changed the way people made cloth • They saved time and money • The cotton gin (invented by Eli Whitney) allowed an increase in cotton production |
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How did capital/capitalism and free enterprise make it possible for industrial growth to happen? |
• People owned property and decided how to use it • Being able to sell, consume, or produce whatever you want caused competition in businesses and pushed them to expand |
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Why did the number of enslaved people increase from 700,000 to 1.2 million? |
• There was a large demand for cotton in the south and farmers needed workers • The amount of slaves in the US rose to increase the supply and production rate of cotton |
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How do corporations raise money to expand? |
They sell stock- ownership shares in a company- to fund more factories & expand businesses |
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What were some of the dangers of living in the cities during this time? |
~ No sewers: disease ~ Many buildings were wooden and easily ignited ~ Roaming animals everywhere ~ Epidemics/pandemics |
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What impact did turnpike have on the US? |
Provided good inland roads for travel and shipping. Tolls paid the cost of moving things and the items could easily be moved. |
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Impact of steamboats in the US |
Shipping and travel became cheaper and faster. Also increased the growth of river cities. |
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Impact of canals on the US |
Lowered shipping costs, brought prosperity to towns along rivers, and linked regions of the country. |
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What was life like for families on the Frontier? |
They often gathered for social events. Men did sports and wrestling while women quilted and sewed. Also settled along rivers and canals. |
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Why was the time period after the War of 1812 called the Era of Good Feelings? |
There was a feeling of unity in the people Monroe represented a united country free of political strife |
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Why was the 2nd national Bank needed? |
There was inflation and the government needed a safe place to keep funds |
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Why did American merchants want high tariffs? How was the purpose of these tariffs different? |
• Tariffs would protect their growing industries by placing high taxes on imports - wiping out foreign competition • Originally, tariffs were made to provide income for the federal government |
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How might sectionalism have divided the country? |
• Each region had different aspirations and needs. Especially with tariffs. • At one point, different areas threatened to secede. |
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What is the main idea of Fletcher vs. Peck? |
(1810) Courts can declare state government acts void if they violate provisions of the constitution |
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What is the main idea of McCullough vs. Maryland |
(1819) Maryland cannot tax the local office of the US Bank because it was federal property |
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Gibbons vs. Ogden |
(1824) Only Congress could make laws governing interstate commerce |
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Why did the US government invade Florida? |
At first, only some Americans believed West FL to be part of the Louisiana purchase. After a group captured Fort San Carlos, President Madison agreed that FL from the Mississippi River to the Perdido River was part of the Louisiana purchase. |
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What was the real point of the Monroe Doctrine? |
To warn European nations to stay out of the United States |
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