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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
adenine
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a nitrogen-containing base that is a component of a nucleotide
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anticodon
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a region of tRNA consisting of three bases complementary to the
codon of mRNA |
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base-pairing rule
|
the rule stating that in DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine
and adenine pairs with thymine and in RNA, adenine pairs with uracil |
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codon
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a group of three sequential nitrogen bases of an mRNA molecule
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complimentary base pairs
|
the name given to a set of two proteins that
normally pair with one another according to the base-pair rule |
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cytosine
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a nitrogen-containing base; a pyrimidine of DNA and RNA
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deoxyribose
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the sugar molecule in a DNA nucleotide
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DNA polymerase
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an enzyme that binds to the separated strands of DNA and
assembles each strands complement in replication |
|
double helix
|
the shape of a DNA strand
|
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genetic code
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triplets of nucleotides in mRNA that determine the sequence of
amino acids in protein |
|
guanine
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a nitrogen-containing base that is a component of a nucleotide
|
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helicase
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an enzyme that separates DNA strands before replication
|
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messenger RNA (mRNA)
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the type of RNA that carries genetic information
from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
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mutation
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a change in DNA
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nitrogen-containing base
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a DNA nucleotide containing nitrogen, a sugar
molecule, and a phosphate group |
|
promoter
|
a nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule that, when attached to an
RNA polymerase molecule, will initiate transcription of a specific structural gene |
|
protein synthesis
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the formation of proteins using information coded on DNA
and carried by RNA |
|
purine
|
an organic molecule that has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen
atoms |
|
pyrimidine
|
an organic molecule that has a single ring of carbon and nitrogen
atoms |
|
replication
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the process by which DNA copies itself during interphase
|
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ribose
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the five-carbon sugar in RNA
|
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
|
the type of RNA found in a ribosome
|
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RNA polymerase
|
the primary transcription enzyme
|
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start codon
|
the codon AUG which engages a ribosome to start translating an
mRNA molecule |
|
stop codon
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causes the ribosome to stop translating mRNA; UAA, UAG,
UGA |
|
termination signal
|
a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a
gene in eukaryotes |
|
thymine
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a nitrogen-containing base, one component of a nucleotide
|
|
transcription
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the process in which RNA is made from DNA
|
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transfer RNA (tRNA)
|
the type of RNA that carries amino acids from the
cytoplasm to the ribosomes |
|
translation
|
the process of converting the genetic code in RNA into the amino
acid sequence that makes up a protein |
|
uracil
|
a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA
|