Chapter 10: Urinary System

Front 1

ALBUMIN/O

Back 1

albumin

Front 2

-ation

Back 2

process

Front 3

-esis

Back 3

action, process, or result of

Front 4

glycos/o

Back 4

sugar

Front 5

olig/o

Back 5

few, scanty

Front 6

ur/o

Back 6

urine or urinary tract

Front 7

urin/o

Back 7

urine

Front 8

-uria

Back 8

urine or urination

Front 9

cyst/o

Back 9

bladder (sometimes cyst or sac)

Front 10

glomerul/o

Back 10

glomerulus (filtering structure of the kidney)

Front 11

nephr/o

ren/o

Back 11

kidney

Front 12

pyel/o

Back 12

renal pelvis (reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine)

Front 13

ureter/o

Back 13

ureter

Front 14

urethr/o

Back 14

urethra

Front 15

cystic

Back 15

pertaining to a cyst

pertaining to the gallbladder

pertaining to the urinary bladder

Front 16

Glomerular Filtration

Back 16

Filtering of the blood;

Initial process in the formation of urine;

Glomerulus allows water, salts, wastes, and most other substance (except blood cells and proteins) to pass through its walls

Front 17

Tubular reabsorption

Back 17

Selective reabsorption of some substances (sugar, much of the water) by the tubules; extra water and other substances that remain in the tubules end up in urine

Front 18

Tubular secretion

Back 18

Secretion of substances into the urine (hydrogen, potassium and some drugs like penicillin);

From the bloodstream into the renal tubule;

Front 19

Urinalysis

Back 19

Usually part of a physical examination;

Generally includes physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations performed in the clinical lab;

Front 20

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 20

A measure of the amount of urea in the blood;

It is directly related to the metabolic function of the liver and the excretory function of the kidneys;

Elevated BUN level indicates serious impairment of renal function

Front 21

Stenosis

Back 21

constriction, narrowing

Front 22

urolithiasis

Back 22

presence of urinary stones, most often found in the renal pelvis or the urinary bladder

Front 23

cystolithiasis

Back 23

presence of stones in the urinary bladder

Front 24

nephrolithiasis

Back 24

presence of stones in the kidneys

Front 25

pyelitis

Back 25

inflammation if the renal pelvis

Front 26

glomerulonephritis

Back 26

acute form of nephritis in which glomeruli of the kidney are inflammed

Front 27

intravenous urography

Back 27

radiographic technique for examining the urinary system;

urogram is the image produced;

formerly called intravenous pyelography (pyelogram)

Front 28

cystoscopy

Back 28

examination of the urinary bladder by inserting a cystoscope through the urethra;

Front 29

urethroscopy

Back 29

visual examination of the urethra

Front 30

dysuria

Back 30

difficult or painful urination

Front 31

polyuria

Back 31

"many urines/urinations";

excessive urination;

can also mean excretion of an abnormally large quantity of urine (or diuresis)

Front 32

anuria

Back 32

absence of urination;

or less than 100mL per day

Front 33

oliguria

Back 33

diminished urine production of less than 500mL per day

Front 34

uremia

Back 34

toxic condition associated with renal failure/insufficiency;

presence of urea in the blood (it is not properly removed by the kidneys)

Front 35

Nephrotoxic

Back 35

Destructive to the kidneys

Front 36

Polycystic kidney disease

Back 36

Hereditary disorder characterized by hundreds of fluid filled cysts throughout both kidneys

Front 37

Renal failure

Back 37

Failure of the kidney to perform its essential functions; ARF (acute renal failure) is a critical situation

Front 38

Voiding cystourethrogram

Back 38

Radiographic record of the bladder and urethra ( after the bladder is filled w contrast medium, radiographs are taken while the patient is expelling urine)

Front 39

FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

Back 39

1. excretion of water in urine to maintain blood volume

2. maintaining the chemical composition of blood by selecting certain chemicals to excrete

3. maintaining the blood pH, also called the "potential" hydrogen

4. excretion of waste products of protein metabolism

5. regulation of blood pressure

6. secretion of erythropoietin to stimulate erythrocyte production

Front 40

nephromalacia

Back 40

softening of the kidney

Front 41

nephromegaly

Back 41

enlargement of the kidneys

Front 42

nephroptosis

Back 42

prolapse of the kidney

Front 43

nephrosonography

Back 43

ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys

Front 44

ketones

Back 44

end products of lipid metabolism (fatty acids)

Front 45

cystocele

Back 45

bladder hernia that protrudes into the vagina

Front 46

nephrosis

Back 46

condition in which there are degenerative changes in the kidneys but no inflammation

Front 47

polyp

Back 47

tumor found on a mucosal surface, such as the inner lining of the bladder

Front 48

Retrograde urography

Back 48

X-ray examination of the renal pelvis and ureter after injection of a contrast medium into the renal pelvis. The contrast medium is injected through catheters that are introduced into the ureters

Front 49

cystostomy

Back 49

surgical creation of a new opening into the bladder

Front 50

nephrolithotomy

Back 50

incision of the kidney for removal of a kidney stone

Front 51

nephrostomy, pyelostomy

Back 51

creation of a new opening into the renal pelvis of the kidney; usually done to drain urine from the kidney.

Front 52

pyelolithotomy

Back 52

surgical incision of the kidney to remove a stone from the renal pelvis

Front 53

ureteroplasty

Back 53

surgical repair of a ureter

Front 54

transurethral resection

Back 54

a procedure that is performed by inserting an instrument through or across the wall of the urethra

Front 55

hemodialysis

Back 55

process of diffusing blood through a membrane to remove toxic materials and maintain proper chemical balance