Chapter 6: Urinary System

Front 1

kidneys

Back 1

two bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood

Front 2

nephron

Back 2

Urine-producing microscopic structure.

Front 3

glomerulus

(pl. glomeruli)

Back 3

Clusters of capillaries in the kidney where the urine begins to form

Front 4

renal pelvis

Back 4

Funnel-shaped reservoir that collects that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

Front 5

hilum

Back 5

Indentation on the medial side of the kidney wear the renal artery, bang, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney.

Front 6

ureters

Back 6

carries urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

Front 7

urinary bladder

Back 7

muscular, hollow organ that stores urine

Front 8

urethra

Back 8

carries urine from the bladder to the urinary meatus

Front 9

urinary meatus

Back 9

outside opening through which the urine passes

Front 10

Combining Forms of the Urinary System

cyst/o, vesic/o

(Note: These refer to the urinary bladder unless otherwise identified.)

Back 10

bladder/sac

Front 11

glomerul/o

Back 11

glomerulus

Front 12

meat/o

Back 12

meatus (opening)

Front 13

nephr/o, ren/o

Back 13

kidney

Front 14

pyel/o

Back 14

renal pelvis

Front 15

ureter/o

Back 15

ureter

Front 16

urethr/o

Back 16

urethra

Front 17

Combining Forms Commonly Used with Urinary System Terms

albumin/o

Back 17

albumin

Front 18

azot/o

Back 18

urea, nitrogen

Front 19

blast/o

Back 19

developing cell, germ cell

Front 20

glyc/o, glycos/o

Back 20

sugar

Front 21

hydr/o

Back 21

water

Front 22

lith/o

Back 22

stone, calculus

Front 23

noct/I

(Note: the combining form is i.)

Back 23

night

Front 24

olig/o

Back 24

scanty, few

Front 25

urin/o, ur/o

Back 25

urine, urinary tract

Front 26

Suffixes

-iasis, -esis

Back 26

condition

Front 27

-lysis

Back 27

loosening, dissolution, separating

Front 28

-ptosis

Back 28

drooping, sagging, prolapse

Front 29

-rrhaphy

Back 29

suturing, repair

Front 30

-tripsy

Back 30

surgical crushing

Front 31

-trophy

Back 31

nourishment, development

Front 32

-uria

Back 32

urine, urination

Front 33

Disease and Disorder Terms

azotemia

Back 33

urea in the blood; urimea

Front 34

cystitis

Back 34

inflammation of the bladder

Front 35

cystocele

Back 35

protrusion of the bladder

Front 36

cystolith

Back 36

stone(s) in the bladder

Front 37

glomerulonephritis

Back 37

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Front 38

hydronephrosis

Back 38

abnormal condition of water in the kidney

Front 39

nephritis

Back 39

inflammation of the kidney

Front 40

nephroblastoma

Back 40

kidney tumor containing developing (germ) cells; Wilms tumor

Front 41

nephrohypertrophy

(Note: the prefix hyper- appears in the middle of this term)

Back 41

excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney

Front 42

nephrolithiaisis

Back 42

condition of stone(s) in the kidney

Front 43

nephroma

Back 43

tumor of the kidney

Front 44

nephromegaley

Back 44

enlargement of a kidney

Front 45

nephroptosis

Back 45

drooping kidney

Front 46

pyelitis

Back 46

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Front 47

pyelonephritis

Back 47

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

Front 48

ureteritis

Back 48

inflammation of a ureter

Front 49

ureterocele

Back 49

protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder)

Front 50

ureterolithiasis

Back 50

condition of stone(s) in the ureter

Front 51

ureterostenosis

Back 51

narrowing of the ureter

Front 52

urethrocystitis

Back 52

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

Front 53

epispadias

Back 53

urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

Front 54

hypospadias

Back 54

urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis

Front 55

polycystic kidney disease

Back 55

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

Front 56

renal calculus (pl. calculi)

Back 56

stone in the kidney

Front 57

renal failure

Back 57

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance

Front 58

renal hypertension

Back 58

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Front 59

urinary retention

Back 59

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

Front 60

urinary suppression

Back 60

sudden stoppage of urine formation

Front 61

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Back 61

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

Front 62

Acute renal failure (ARF)

Back 62

is a sudden and severe reduction in renal function resulting in a collection of metabolic waste in the body. ARF may be caused by excessive bleeding, trauma, obstruction, adverse drug reactions, or severe infection. Prompt treatment can reverse the condition and recovery can occur.

Front 63

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Back 63

unlike ARF, is a progressive, irreversible, loss of renal function, and the onset of uremia. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and glomerulonephritis may cause CKD. Dialysis and kidney transplant are used in treating this disease, which was formerly referred to as chronic renal failure (CRF).

Front 64

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Back 64

Is what chronic renal failure is called when kidney function is too poor to sustain life.

Front 65

cystectomy

Back 65

excision of the bladder

Front 66

cystolithotomy

Back 66

incision into the bladder to remove stone(s)

Front 67

cystorrhaphy

Back 67

suturing the bladder

Front 68

cystostomy

Back 68

creation of an artificial opening into the bladder

Front 69

cystotomy, visecotomy

Back 69

incision of the bladder

Front 70

lithotripsy

Back 70

surgical crushing of stone(s)

Front 71

meatotomy

Back 71

incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)

Front 72

nephrectomy

Back 72

excision of the kidney

Front 73

nephrolithotomy

Back 73

incision of the kidney to remove stone(s)

Front 74

nephrolithotripsy

Back 74

surgical crushing of stone(s) in the kidney

Front 75

nephrolysis

Back 75

separating the kidney (from other body structures)

Front 76

nephropexy

Back 76

surgical fixation of the kidney

Front 77

nephrostomy

Back 77

creation of an artificial opening into the kidney

Front 78

pyelolithotomy

Back 78

incision into the renal pelvis to remove stone(s)

Front 79

pyeloplasty

Back 79

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

Front 80

ureterectomy

Back 80

excision of the ureter

Front 81

ureterostomy

Back 81

creation of an artificial opening into the ureter

Front 82

urethroplasty

Back 82

surgical repair of the urethra

Front 83

vesicourethral suspension

Back 83

suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

Front 84

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Back 84

noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stone(s) in the kidney or ureter by administration of elimination from the body in urine. (also called shock wave lithotripsy [SWL]

Front 85

fulguration

Back 85

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method commonly used to destroy bladder growths)

Front 86

renal transplant

Back 86

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

Front 87

Diagnostic Terms

cystogram

Back 87

radiographic image of the bladder

Front 88

cystography

Back 88

radiographic imaging of the bladder

Front 89

intravenous urogram (IVU)

Back 89

radiographic image of the urinary tract

Front 90

nephrography

Back 90

radiographic image of the kidney

Front 91

nephrosonography

Back 91

process of recording the kidney using sound (ultrasonography)

Front 92

nephrotomogram

Back 92

sectional radiographic image of the kidney

Front 93

renogram

Back 93

radiographic record of the kidney; used to elevated kidney function; renal scan or nephrogram

Front 94

retrograde urogram

Back 94

radiographic image of the urinary tract (with contrast medium instilled through a catheter in a direction opposite from normal.)

Front 95

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

Back 95

radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra.

Front 96

ENDOSCOPY

cystoscope

Back 96

instrument used for visual examination of the bladder.

Front 97

cystoscopy

Back 97

visual examination of the bladder

Front 98

nephroscopy

Back 98

visual examination of the kidney

Front 99

ureteroscopy

Back 99

visual examination of the ureter

Front 100

urethroscope

Back 100

instrument used for visual examination of the urethra

Front 101

Diagnostic Terms

KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder)

Back 101

simple radiographic image of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder; flat plate of the abdomen

Front 102

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 102

blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood.

Front 103

creatinine

Back 103

blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood.

Front 104

specific gravity (SG)

Back 104

test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys

Front 105

urinalysis (UA)

Back 105

multiple routine tests performed on a urine sample.

Front 106

Complemented Terms

albuminuria

Back 106

albumin in the urine

Front 107

anuria

Back 107

absence of urine

Front 108

diuresis

Back 108

condition of urine passing through (increased excretion of urine)

Front 109

dysuria

Back 109

difficult or painful urination

Front 110

glycosuria

Back 110

sugar (glucose) in the urine

Front 111

hematuria

Back 111

blood in the urine

Front 112

meatal

Back 112

pertaining to the meatus

Front 113

nephrologist

Back 113

physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney

Front 114

nephrology

Back 114

study of the kidney

Front 115

nocturia

Back 115

night urination

Front 116

oliguria

Back 116

scanty urine (amount)

Front 117

polyuria

Back 117

much (excessive) urine

Front 118

pyuria

Back 118

pus in the urine

Front 119

urinary

Back 119

pertaining to the urine

Front 120

urologist

Back 120

physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract

Front 121

urology

Back 121

study of the urinary tract