Hit Chapter 13 The Urinary System

Front 1

A substance that increases blood pressure

Back 1

Angiotensin

Front 2

Excretion of urine

Back 2

Diuresis

Front 3

A substance that increases the excretion of urine

Back 3

Diuretic

Front 4

An organ of excretion

Back 4

Kidney

Front 5

The voiding of urine; urination

Back 5

Micturition

Front 6

A microscopic functional unit of the kidney working with blood vessels, filters the blood and balances the composition of urine

Back 6

Nephron

Front 7

The kidneys outer portion contains portions of the nephrons

Back 7

Renal cortex

Front 8

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angiotensin in the blood

Back 8

Renin

Front 9

The main nitrogenous waste product in the urine

Back 9

Urea

Front 10

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Back 10

Urethra

Front 11

The organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys

Back 11

Urinary bladder

Front 12

The voiding of urine; micturition

Back 12

Urination

Front 13

The fluid excreted by the kidneys it consists of water electrolytes urea other metabolic wastes and pigments a variety of other substances may appear in urine in cases of disease

Back 13

Urine

Front 14

Kidney

Back 14

Ren/o

Front 15

Kidney

Back 15

Nephr/o

Front 16

Glomerulus

Back 16

Glomerul/o

Front 17

Renal pelvis

Back 17

Pyel/o

Front 18

Calyx

Back 18

Cali/o, calic/o

Front 19

Urine, urinary tract

Back 19

Ur/o

Front 20

Urine

Back 20

Urin/o

Front 21

Ureter

Back 21

Ureter/o

Front 22

Urinary bladder

Back 22

Cyst/o

Front 23

Urinary bladder

Back 23

Vesic/o

Front 24

Urethra

Back 24

Urethr/o

Front 25

The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

Back 25

Ureter

Front 26

Inflammation of the urethra usually due to infection

Back 26

Urethritis

Front 27

Stoppage of urine flow

Back 27

Urinary stasis

Front 28

Introduction of a tube into a passage such as through the urethra into the bladder for withdrawal of urine

Back 28

Catheterization

Front 29

An instrument for examining the interior of the urinary bladder also used for removing foreign objects for surgery and for other forms of treatment

Back 29

Cystoscope

Front 30

Separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane

Back 30

Dialysis

Front 31

Removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane

Back 31

Hemodialysis

Front 32

Intravenous urography

Back 32

Intravenous pyelography

Front 33

Radiographic visualization of the urinary tract after Intravenous administration of a contrast medium that is excreted in the urine

Back 33

Intravenous urography

Front 34

Crushing of a stone

Back 34

Lithotripsy

Front 35

Removal of unwanted of substances from the body by introduction of a dialyzing fluid into the peritoneal cavity followed by removal of the fluid

Back 35

Peritoneal dialysis

Front 36

Pyelography in which the contrast medium is injected into the kidneys from below by way of the ureters

Back 36

Retrograde pyelography

Front 37

The weight of substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water

Back 37

Specific gravity

Front 38

Laboratory study of the urine

Back 38

Urinalysis

Front 39

Surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

Back 39

Cystectomy

Front 40

Diversion of urine by connection of the ureters to an isolated segment of the ileum

Back 40

Ileal conduit

Front 41

Incision of an organ to remove a stone

Back 41

Lithotomy

Front 42

Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient

Back 42

Renal transplantation

Front 43

A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that regulates electrolyte excretion by the kidneys

Back 43

Aldosterone

Front 44

The volume of plasma that the kidneys can clear of a substance per unit of time

Back 44

Clearance

Front 45

A nitrogenous byproduct of muscle metabolism

Back 45

Creatinine

Front 46

The muscle in the bladder wall

Back 46

Detrusor muscle

Front 47

The amount of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys

Back 47

Glomerular filtration rate

Front 48

The maximum rate at which a given substance can be transported across the renal tubule

Back 48

Maximal transport capacity

Front 49

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus considered as a unit

Back 49

Renal corpuscle

Front 50

Lack of urination

Back 50

Anuresis

Front 51

Lack of urine formation

Back 51

Anuria

Front 52

Presence of increased nitrogenous waste especially urea in the blood

Back 52

Azotemia

Front 53

Presence of increased nitrogenous compounds especially urea in the urine

Back 53

Azoturia

Front 54

Herniation of the bladder into the vagina

Back 54

Cystocele

Front 55

Excessive loss of body fluids

Back 55

Dehydration

Front 56

A condition caused by inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone, resulting in excessive excretion of dilute urine and extreme thirst

Back 56

Diabetes insipidus

Front 57

Involuntary urination, usually at night; bed wetting

Back 57

Enuresis

Front 58

A congenital condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsal surface of the penis as a groove or cleft

Back 58

Epispadias

Front 59

Presence of glucose in the urine as in cases of diabetes mellitus

Back 59

Glycosuria

Front 60

A congenital union of the lower poles of the kidneys resulting of a horseshoe shaped organ

Back 60

Horseshoe kidney

Front 61

Distention of the ureter with urine due to obstruction

Back 61

Hydroureter

Front 62

A congenital condition in which the urethra opens on the under surface of the penis or into the vagina

Back 62

Hypospadias

Front 63

A decrease in blood volume

Back 63

Hypovolemia

Front 64

Any bladder dysfunction that results from a central nervous system lesion

Back 64

Neurogenic bladder

Front 65

Excessive urination at night

Back 65

Nocturia

Front 66

A hereditary condition in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts

Back 66

Polycystic kidney disease

Front 67

Excessive thirst

Back 67

Polydipsia

Front 68

Elimination of large amounts of urine as in diabetes mellitus

Back 68

Polyuria

Front 69

Accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

Back 69

Retention of urine

Front 70

a kidney stone that fills the renal pelvis and calices to give a "staghorn" appearance

Back 70

staghorn calculus

Front 71

a cyst-like dilation of the ureter near its opening into the bladder

Back 71

ureterocele

Front 72

a need to urinate often without an increase in average output

Back 72

urniary frequency

Front 73

inability to retain urine

Back 73

urinary incontinence

Front 74

sudden need to urinate

Back 74

urinary urgency

Front 75

excess intake or retention of water with decrease in sodium concentration

Back 75

water intoxication

Front 76

a malignant kidney tumor that usually appears in children before the age of 5 years

Back 76

wilms tumor

Front 77

a measure of electrolyte imbalance

Back 77

anion gap

Front 78

nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea

Back 78

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Front 79

a urine sample obtained after thorough cleansing of the urethral opening and collection in midstream to minimize the chance of contamination

Back 79

clean-catch specimen

Front 80

a study of bladder function in which the bladder is filled with fluid or air and the pressure exerted by the bladder muscle at varying degrees of filling is measured

Back 80

cystometrography

Front 81

laboratory study of urinary proteins

Back 81

protein electrophoresis

Front 82

device for measuring the specific gravity of urine

Back 82

urinometer

Front 83

a urinary tract catheter with a balloon at one end that prevents the catheter from leaving the bladder

Back 83

indwelling Foley catheter

Front 84

instrument for crushing a bladder stone

Back 84

lithotrite

Front 85

ACE

Back 85

angiotensin-covering enzyme

Front 86

ADH

Back 86

antidiuretic hormone

Front 87

ARF

Back 87

acute renal failure

Front 88

ATN

Back 88

acute tubular necrosis

Front 89

BUN

Back 89

blood urea nitrogen

Front 90

CAPD

Back 90

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Front 91

CCPD

Back 91

continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis

Front 92

CMG

Back 92

cystometrography

Front 93

CRF

Back 93

chronic renal failure

Front 94

EPO

Back 94

erythropoietin

Front 95

ESRD

Back 95

end-stage renal disease

Front 96

ESWL

Back 96

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Front 97

GFR

Back 97

glomerular filtration rate

Front 98

GU

Back 98

genitourinary

Front 99

IVP

Back 99

intravenous pyelography

Front 100

IVU

Back 100

intravenous urography

Front 101

K

Back 101

potassium

Front 102

KUB

Back 102

kidney-ureter-bladder

Front 103

Na

Back 103

sodium

Front 104

PEP

Back 104

protein electrophoresis

Front 105

SG

Back 105

specific gravity

Front 106

Tm

Back 106

maximal transport capacity

Front 107

UA

Back 107

urinalysis

Front 108

UTI

Back 108

Urinary tract infection

Front 109

excessive acidity of body fluids

Back 109

acidosis

Front 110

loss of kidney function resulting from damage to the nephrons

Back 110

acute renal failure

Front 111

presence of bacteria in the urine

Back 111

bacteriuria

Front 112

a solid mold of a renal tubule found in the urine

Back 112

cast

Front 113

inflammation of the urinary bladder usually as a result of infection

Back 113

cystitis

Front 114

painful or difficult urination

Back 114

dysuria

Front 115

inflammation of the kidney involving the glomeruli

Back 115

glomerulonephritis

Front 116

presence of blood in the urine

Back 116

hematuria

Front 117

collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction

Back 117

hydronephrosis

Front 118

deficiency of potassium in the blood

Back 118

hypokalemia

Front 119

deficiency of sodium in the blood

Back 119

hyponatremia

Front 120

decreased amount of protein in the blood

Back 120

hypoproteinemia

Front 121

excess amount of potassium in the blood

Back 121

hyperkalemia

Front 122

excess amount of sodium in the blood

Back 122

hypernatremia

Front 123

condition that results from glomerular damage leading to loss of protein in the urine

Back 123

nephrotic syndrome

Front 124

elimination of small amounts of urine

Back 124

oliguria

Front 125

presence of protein mainly albumin in the urine

Back 125

proteinuria

Front 126

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually caused by infection

Back 126

pyelonephritis

Front 127

presence of pus in the urine

Back 127

pyuria

Front 128

radiating pain the region of the kidney asociated with the passage of a stone

Back 128

renal coli

Front 129

presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficiency

Back 129

uremia