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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ingestion
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entry of food into the body
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digestion
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physical and chemical breakdown of the food into nutrients that can be used by the body's cell
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absorption
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passage of these nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream
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elimination
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excretion of solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the blood
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aliment/o
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food, nutrient
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alimentation
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process of giving or taking nourishment
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bucc/o
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cheek
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buccal
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pertaining to the cheek
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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esophageal
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pertaining to the esophagus
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gingiv/o
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gum
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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or/o
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mouth
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oral
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pertaining to the mouth
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palat/o
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palate
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palatoplasty
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surgical repair of the palate
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pharyng/o
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pharynx - throat
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pharyngitis
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inflammation of the pharynx
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stomat/o
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mouth
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stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth
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col/o
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colon
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an/o
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anus
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colitis
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inflammation of the colon
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duoden/o
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duodenum (first section of the small intestine)
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duodenoscopy
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visual examination of the duodenum
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enter/o
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small intestine
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eneritis
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inflammation of the small intestine
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gastr/o
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stomach
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gastrocele
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hernial protrusion of the stomach
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ile/o
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ileum (last or third section of the small intestine)
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ileectomy
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surgical removal fo the ileum
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jejun/o
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jejunum (middle section of the small intestine)
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jejunitis
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inflammation of the jejunum
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pylor/o
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pylorus or pyloric sphincter
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pyloralgia
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pain in the area of the pylorus
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon
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sigmoidotomy
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surgical incision into the sigmoid colon
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append/o
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appendix
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bil/i
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bile, gall
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biliary
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pertianing to the bile or the gallbladder
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appendectomy
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surgical removal of the appendix
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chol/e
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bile, gall
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cholelith
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a gallstone
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hepat/o
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liver
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hepatotoxic
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poisonous to the liver
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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pancreatitis
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inflammation fo the pancreas
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peritone/o
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peritoneum
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peritoneal
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pertaining to the peritoneum
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-emesis
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vomiting
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hyperemesis
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excessive vomiting
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-orexia
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appetite
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-pepsia
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digestion
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anorexia
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lack of appetite
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dyspepsia
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indigestion
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buccal cavity
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oral cavity / mouth
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mastication
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chewing
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deglutition
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swallowing
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esophagus
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muscular tube extending form the pharynx to the stomach
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peristalis
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rhythmic, wavelike contractions of muscles - moves food
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cardiac sphincter
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ring of muscles above the stomach
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pyloric sphincter
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controls passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine
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chyme
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food transformed in to a semi fluid substance in the stomach
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villi
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tiny fingerlike projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients
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the four sections of the large intestine / colon
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ascending colon
transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon |
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liver
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manufactures blood, stores and releases glycogen, manufactures bile
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bile
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aids in the digestion of fats, emulsifier
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pancreas
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produces digestive juices containing enzymes that aid in digestion of proteins, starches, and fats
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peritoneum
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membrane lining the abdominal cavity
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visceral peritoneum
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membrane surrounds the abdominal organs
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perietal peritoneum
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surrounds the abdominal wall
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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appendicitis
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inflammation of the appendix
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cholelithiasis
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condition of stones in the gallbladder
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cirrhosis
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chronic liver disease characterized by the destruction of the liver cells
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constipation
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difficult or infrequent elimination of hard, dry feces
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Crohn's disease
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type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease that usually effects the ileum
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diarrhea
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elimination of unusually loose, watery stools often with increased fequency
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diverticulosis
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condition of abnormal outpouchings of the intestinal wall
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diverticulitis
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inflammation of the abnormal outpouchings of the intestinal wall
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emesis
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vomiting
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gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach
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gastr/o
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stomach
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
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hematemesis
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vomiting blood
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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hepatomegaly
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enlargement of the liver
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ileitis
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inflammation of the ileum
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irritable bowel syndrome
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combination of lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation occuring in the absence of known disease - also called spastic colon
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jaundice
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yellow discoloration of the skin usually a sign of liver dysfunction or obstruction of the bile ducts
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nausea
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unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually with the feeling of the need to vomit
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peptic ulcer
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open sore or lesion on the mucous membrane lining the stomach or intestine
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth
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barium enema
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colonoscopy or x-ray of the rectum and colon after ingesting barium sulfate - lower GI
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barium swallow
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x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after ingestion barium sulfate - upper GI
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gastrointestinal endoscopy
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visual exam of digestive system organs
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liver function tests
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tests involving measurement of the levels of certain enzymes
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stool guaiac
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addition of a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of blood
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cholecystectomy
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surgical removal of the gallbladder
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colectomy
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surgical removal of all or part of the colon - maybe be used to treat Crohn's disease
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colostomy
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surgical opening between the colon and the surface of the abdomen - usually to allow elimination of the feces into a bag
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ileostomy
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surgical opening between the ileum and surface do the abdomen to allow elimination of feces
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pyrosis
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burning sensation in the chest - heartburn
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hiatal hernia
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protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm
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inguinal hernia
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protrusion of a portion of the intestine through the lower abdominal wall
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GI
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gastrointestinal
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TPN
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total parenteral nutrition -direct injection of nutrients in to the blood stream
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NG
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neogastric - feeding tube through the nose
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PUD
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peptic ulcer disease
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lb
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pound
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ml
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milliliter - same as cubic centimeter
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PKU
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phenylketonuria
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Fe
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iron
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h
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hour
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hs
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before bed time (hour of sleep)
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K+
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potassium
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HCl
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hydorchloric acid
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LFT
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liver function tests
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IBD
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inflammatory bowel disease (large intestine)
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IDDM
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insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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BM
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bowel movement
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UGI
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upper gastrointestinal
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mg
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milligram
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mm
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millimeter
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g
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gram
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H2O
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water
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I+O
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intake and output - fluid intake and urinary output
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kg
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kilogram
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BE
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barium enema
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NPO
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nothing by mouth (non per oral)
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GERD
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gastroeshphogeal reflux disease
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