Chapter 10

Front 1

Aggression

Back 1

Behaviour directed toward the goal of harming another living being who is being motivated to avoid such a treatment

Front 2

Drive Theories (of aggression)

Back 2

Theories suggesting that aggression stems from external conditions that arouse the motive to harm or injure others. The most famous of these is the frusteration-aggression hypothesis.

Front 3

Frusteration-Aggression Hypthothesis

Back 3

The suggestion that frustration is a very powerful determinant of aggression

Front 4

General Aggression Model (GAM)

Back 4

A modern theory of aggression suggesting that aggression is triggered by a wide range of input variables that influence arousal, affective stages and cognitions

Front 5

Provocation

Back 5

Actions by others that tend to trigger aggression in recipient, often because they are perceived as stemming from malicious intent

Front 6

Teasing

Back 6

Provoking statements that attention to the target's flaws and imperfections

Front 7

Excitation Transfer Theory

Back 7

A theory suggesting that arousal produced in one situation can persist and intensify emotional reactions occurring in later situations

Front 8

Cultures of Honor

Back 8

Cultures in which there are strong norms indicating that aggression is an appropriate response to insult one's honor

Front 9

TASS Model

Back 9

The traits as situational sensitivities model. A view suggesting that many personality traits function in a threshold-like manner, influencing behaviour only when situations evoke them

Front 10

Type A Behaviour pattern

Back 10

A pattern consisting of high levels of competitiveness, time urgency and hostility

Front 11

Type B Behaviour

Back 11

A pattern consisting of the absence of characteristics associated with the type A behaviour

Front 12

Hostile Aggression

Back 12

Aggression in which the prime objective is inflicting some kind of harm on the victim

Front 13

Instrumental Aggression

Back 13

Agression in which the primary goal is not to harm the victim but rather attainment of some other goal - for example, access to valued resources

Front 14

Bullying

Back 14

A pattern of behaviour in which one individual is chosen as the target of repeated aggression by one or more others; the target person (the victim) generally has less power than those who engage in aggression (the bullies)

Front 15

Workplace Aggression

Back 15

Any form of behaviour through which individuals seek to harm others in their workplace

Front 16

Effect-Danger Ratio

Back 16

A principle suggesting that in situations in which they interact frequently with potential victims, most people try - when engaging in aggression - to maximize the harm they produce while minimizing the danger of retaliation

Front 17

Punishment

Back 17

Procedures in which aversive consequences are delivered to individuals when they engage in specific actions

Front 18

Forgiveness

Back 18

Giving up the desire to punish someone who has hurt us and seeking instead to act in kind, helpful ways toward them

Front 19

Catharsis Hypothesis

Back 19

The view that providing angry people with an opportunity to express their aggressive impulses in relatively safe ways will reduce their tendencies to engage in more harmful forms of aggression