Chapter 1 World History

Front 1

Environment

Back 1

all of the surrounding and conditions that affect living things, such as water, soil, and air p.11

Front 2

Orbit

Back 2

the path followed by an object in space as it moves around another, such as that of Earth as it moves around the sun p. 12

Front 3

Revolution

Back 3

one complete orbit of the Earth around the sun; the Earth completes one revolution every 365 days or one year p. 12

Front 4

Axis

Back 4

an imaginary line around which a planet turns; the Earth turns around an axis which runs between its North and South poles p. 12

Front 5

Rotation

Back 5

the spinning motion of Earth, like a top on its axis; Earth takes about 24 hours to rotate one time p. 12

Front 6

Latitude

Back 6

an imaginary line, also called parallel, that circles the Earth parallel to the Equator; used to measure a distance north or south of the Equator in degrees p. 13

Front 7

Low Latitudes

Back 7

the region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn p. 13

Front 8

High Latitudes

Back 8

the regions between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole p. 14

Front 9

Middle Latitudes

Back 9

the regions between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle p. 14

Front 10

Geography

Back 10

the study of the Earth's surface and the processes that shape it, the connections between places, and the relationships between people and their environment p. 15

Front 11

Parallel

Back 11

in geography, any of the imaginary lines that circle the Earth parallel to the Equator; latitude line p. 16

Front 12

Degree

Back 12

a unit of measure used to determine absolute; on globes and maps, latitude and longitude are measured in degrees p. 16

Front 13

Longitude

Back 13

an imaginary line, also called a meridian, that runs north and south from one pole to another; used to measure a distance east and west of the Prime Meridian p. 16

Front 14

Meridian

Back 14

an imaginary line that circle the globe from north to south and runs through both the North and the South poles; the lines of longitude on maps and globes are meridians p. 16

Front 15

Prime Meridian

Back 15

an imaginary line of longitude, or meridian, that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through Greenwich, England; it is designed zero degrees longitude and is used as a reference point from which east and west lines of longitude are measured p. 16

Front 16

Globe

Back 16

a round model of the Earth that shows the continents and oceans in their true shapes p. 19

Front 17

Scale

Back 17

the size of an area on a map as compared with the area's actual size p. 19

Front 18

Distortion

Back 18

a misrepresentation of the true shape; each map projection used by cartographer produces some distortion p. 20

Front 19

Projection

Back 19

a representation of the Earth's rounded surface on a flat piece of paper p. 20

Front 20

Compass Rose

Back 20

a map feature that usually shows the four cardinal directions p. 21

Front 21

Cardinal Directions

Back 21

one of the four compass points: north, south, east, and west p. 21

Front 22

Key

Back 22

the section of a map that explains the symbols for the map features; also called a legend p. 22

Front 23

Grid

Back 23

a system used on maps to help locate places; some are based on longitude and latitude, while others are composed of letters and numbers p. 22