World History Chapter 16

Front 1

The Spanish colonial economy was based largely on:

Back 1

the mining of gold and silver.

Front 2

The population of Native Americans in Spanish colonies dropped by more than:

Back 2

90 percent.

Front 3

An increase in business activity due to colonization caused which of the following?

Back 3

A new class of wealthier merchants emerged in Europe.

Front 4

According to the map titled “The Slave Trade,” where were most slave forts located?

Back 4

the west coast of Africa

Front 5

Some Native Americans helped Cortés because

Back 5

the Aztecs were unpopular with those they had conquered

Front 6

Francisco Pizarro

Back 6

Spanish conquistador

Front 7

Sailors could calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon with the:

Back 7

astrolabe

Front 8

The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese explorers was to:

Back 8

find a water route around Africa to India.

Front 9

Which of the following was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Back 9

The Spanish Empire was larger than the Portuguese Empire.

Front 10

Which of the following best describes the food exchange between Europe and the Americas?

Back 10

Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas, and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe.

Front 11

The ultimate goal of early English, Dutch, and French explorers was to:

Back 11

find a passage to Asia.

Front 12

The economy of New France was based on:

Back 12

fish and fur trading.

Front 13

During the rise of capitalism, European investors willingly took the risk of investing in overseas trade because:

Back 13

the rising demand for goods drove prices higher.

Front 14

Mercantilists would advocate that a nation do which of the following?

Back 14

Sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries.

Front 15

Planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because:

Back 15

disease had killed millions of Native Americans

Front 16

How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?

Back 16

by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe

Front 17

What was an effect of the Columbian Exchange?

Back 17

The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies.

Front 18

French settlers in Canada were mainly:

Back 18

traders

Front 19

The _____ played a key role in the Age of Exploration because it let sailors know at any time which direction was north.

Back 19

Compass

Front 20

Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to attempt to sail around the southern tip of _______.

Back 20

Africa

Front 21

When he reached the Caribbean islands, the Italian sailor ________ believed he had reached the Asian islands known as the Indies.

Back 21

Christopher Columbus

Front 22

Although Ferdinand Magellan was killed in the Philippines, the remainder of his crew were the first to ________, or sail completely around, the globe.

Back 22

circumnavigate

Front 23

In the ________ system, Spanish colonists received land in the Americas and a number of Native American workers in exchange for teaching the workers about Christianity.

Back 23

encomienda

Front 24

A Spanish military leader who fought against the native peoples of the Americas was called a(n) _________.

Back 24

conquistador

Front 25

The ___________ refers to the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas.

Back 25

columbian exchange

Front 26

Placing a ___________ on imported goods makes those goods more expensive, which discourages people from buying them.

Back 26

Tariff

Front 27

____________________ is an economic system in which most economic activity is carried on by private individuals or organizations in order to seek a profit.

Back 27

Capitalism

Front 28

In a ____________________ company, investors pool their money to fund large businesses and jointly take the risk of losing that money if the company fails.

Back 28

Joint-stock

Front 29

A new type of ship that was light and fast and highly maneuverable was known as the ____________________.

Back 29

caravel

Front 30

___________________ of Portugal established a court for navigators and others interested in exploration.

Back 30

Prince Henry

Front 31

The ____________________ colony in Virginia was settled by people intending to make their fortunes by finding gold and silver.

Back 31

Jamestown

Front 32

Mercantilists believed a country should mine gold and silver as well as establish a favorable ____________________, or export more goods than it imported.

Back 32

balance of trade

Front 33

The ____________________ established a colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.

Back 33

Pilgrims

Front 34

The explorer ____________________ claimed Brazil for Portugal.

Back 34

Pedro Cabral

Front 35

The economic theory of ____________________ held that a nation’s strength depended on its wealth.

Back 35

Mercantilism

Front 36

How did French colonization of the Americas differ from that of the Spanish and Portuguese?

Back 36

Unlike the Spanish and Portuguese, the French did not send large numbers of colonists to the Americas. Only small groups of traders moved across the sea. The French population remained small. The French were mostly fur traders and fishers. The French did not enslave Native Americans, but traded with them, and sometimes married them.

Front 37

What was the significance of the introduction of the horse to the Americas?

Back 37

It was significant because before horses were introduced, the only beast of burden in the Americas was the llama, which lived in the Andes. Horses provided Native Americans with a new source of transportation and labor.

Front 38

How did mercantilism affect European colonization of other parts of the world?

Back 38

The building of colonial empires was essential to mercantilism. European countries wanted to establish colonies in order to control sources of raw materials and provide new markets for manufactured goods. A nation that controlled its own sources of raw materials would not need to import them from competing nations, and could keep the resources from other countries.

Front 39

Describe one advance in shipbuilding that helped European exploration during the Age of Exploration.

Back 39

Either one of the following is acceptable: Deep-draft ships rode lower in the water than earlier ships and so were capable of withstanding heavier waves on the open sea and had larger cargo holds to carry more supplies; the caravel was a light, fast sailing ship that had two features that made it highly maneuverable. It was steered with a rudder at the stern, or rear of the ship, instead of side oars. It was equipped with lateen sails, triangular sails that could catch wind from any direction, even headwinds. It could also be equipped with weapons, including cannons, to defend itself against hostile ships at sea.

Front 40

Name three advantages that the Spanish had over the Aztecs that contributed to the Aztecs’ defeat.

Back 40

Any three of the following are acceptable: The Spanish had Native American allies who wanted to defeat the Aztecs. They had guns and heavy armor, and horses which scared the Aztecs. They had immunity to the diseases they carried which swept through the Aztec Empire and killed thousands of people.