Chapter 1 Vocab

Front 1

Communication theory

Back 1

system of ideas for explaining what happens when we communicate

Front 2

Rhetoric

Back 2

use of language to persuade an audience

Front 3

Semantic

Back 3

study of the words and symbols we choose

Front 4

Semiotics

Back 4

study of how meaning is assigned and understood

Front 5

Cybernetics

Back 5

study of how information is processed and how communication systems function

Front 6

Communication

Back 6

a transactional and relational process involving the meaningful exchange of information

Front 7

sustainable development

Back 7

economic development that maintains natural resources for future generations and recognizes the relationship between economic, social, and environmental issues

Front 8

corporate social responsibilities

Back 8

(CSR) a company’s voluntary contributions to sustainable development through the support of non-profit organizations and/or the creation of socially conscious corporate policies

Front 9

ICTs

Back 9

technologies, such as mobile phone systems and then Internet, used for transmitting, manipulating, and storing data by electronic means

Front 10

piracy

Back 10

the unauthorized reproduction and distribution of copyrighted material, including video fames, software, music and films

Front 11

cyberwarfare

Back 11

form of info warfare, usually the conducting of politically motivated sabotage through hacking

Front 12

identity theft

Back 12

the act of acquiring and collecting an individuals personal information for criminal purpose

Front 13

risk communication

Back 13

an interactive exchange of info and opinion on risk among assessors, risk managers, and other interested parties

Front 14

vertical

Back 14

command and control

Front 15

Communication

Back 15

a transactional and relational process involving the meaningful exchange of information

Front 16

Situated

Back 16

embedded in a particular environment or socio-cultural context

Front 17

Relational

Back 17

ability to interact effectively and ethically according to what is need at a given moment

Front 18

Transactional

Back 18

exists as a co-operative activity in which people adapt to one another

Front 19

Message

Back 19

any type of oral, written, or non-verbal communication that is transmitted by a sender to an audiance

Front 20

Sender

Back 20

the participant in the transaction who has an idea and communicates it by encoding it in a message

Front 21

Encoding

Back 21

the act of converting ideas into code in order to convey a written, oral, or non-verbal message

Front 22

Channel

Back 22

a communication pathway or medium over which a message travels

Front 23

synchronous

Back 23

enabling the communication to take place directly, at the same time, or in real time

Front 24

asynchronous

Back 24

allowing for a transfer of info that is stored or achieved and accessed later, so that sender and receiver do not need to be present at the same time

Front 25

Receiver

Back 25

the person for whom a message is intended and who decodes the message by extracting meaning from it

Front 26

Decoding

Back 26

the act of extracting meaning from spoken, written, and non-verbal communication

Front 27

Feedback

Back 27

the receiver’s response to a message that confirms if the original message was received and understood

Front 28

Noise

Back 28

any form of physical or psychological interference that distorts the meaning of a message

Front 29

Communication barriers

Back 29

problems that can affect the communication transaction, leading to confusion or misunderstanding

Front 30

Channel overload

Back 30

inability of a channel to carry all transmitted messages

Front 31

Information overload

Back 31

a condition whereby a receiver cannot process all messages due to their increasing number

Front 32

Emotional interference

Back 32

psychological factor that creates problems with the communication transaction

Front 33

Semantic interference

Back 33

interference caused by ambiguity, jargon, language or dialect differences, or different ways of assigning meaning

Front 34

bypassing

Back 34

misunderstanding that results from the receiver inferring a different meaning from a message based on the different meaning of the words that are used

Front 35

Physical and technical interference

Back 35

interference external to the sender and receiver

Front 36

Mixed messages

Back 36

conflicting perceptions of a signal or message that may result in miscommunication

Front 37

channel barriers

Back 37

inappropriate choices of channel that impede communication

Front 38

Environmental interference

Back 38

interference that results from preconceptions and differing frames of reference

Front 39

nterpersonal communication

Back 39

interactional process between two people (sender and receiver), informal

Front 40

Dyadic

Back 40

form of comm involving a group of two

Front 41

Small group

Back 41

occurs among 3 or more (up to 20) to achieve common goal

Front 42

Organizational communication

Back 42

communication within a hierarchical social system composed of interdependent stakeholder groups

Front 43

Intercultural

Back 43

management of messages between people of different cultures, with necessary adaptation to account for differences between socially constructed forms of communication behavior

Front 44

Mass

Back 44

small group of people send a message to large anonymous audience

Front 45

Non-verbal behaviors

Back 45

communication that takes place through gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and posture

Front 46

Contradiction

Back 46

says they are confident but doesn’t make eye contact

Front 47

Regulation

Back 47

tapping on the shoulder to initiate conversation

Front 48

Substitution

Back 48

non-verbal displays can stand in for verbal messages

Front 49

Accenting and complementing

Back 49

amplify or tone down a verbal message

Front 50

Encoding (emotional expressivity)

Back 50

the ability to send non-verbal messages accurately to others

Front 51

Decoding (emotional sensitivity)

Back 51

the ability to accurately read another person’s non-verbal cues

Front 52

Regulation

Back 52

ability to control one’s non-verbal displays and expressive behavior to suit social situation

Front 53

proxemics

Back 53

study of the use and perception of space

Front 54

chronemics

Back 54

study of time in non-verbal communication

Front 55

Paralanguage (vocalics)

Back 55

non-verbal qualities of communication

Front 56

vocal qualities

Back 56

make each voice unique

Front 57

vocal characteristics

Back 57

sounds that express emotion, laughing/crying/yelling

Front 58

vocal segregates

Back 58

pauses or fillers, “umms” “ahhs"

Front 59

Body language (kinetics)

Back 59

non-verbal comm conveyed by gestures, eye contact, posture, and facial expressions

Front 60

Internal communication

Back 60

communication through the channels of an organization

Front 61

External Communication

Back 61

communication with audiences who are part of an external environment

Front 62

cognitive dissonance

Back 62

the tendency to reject messages based on personal value systems

Front 63

passive listening

Back 63

mechanical listening that doesn’t involve real purpose

Front 64

active listening

Back 64

listening that demands close attention to a message’s literal and emotional meaning and a level of responsiveness that shows the speaker the message was both heard and understood

Front 65

Formal communication network

Back 65

a system of communication sanctioned by organizational management, letters, memos, reports, proposals

Front 66

Informal communication network

Back 66

unofficial internal communication pathways that carry gossip and rumors sometimes accurate, sometimes not(known as a grapevine)

Front 67

Formal communication channels

Back 67

official internal communication pathways that facilitate the flow of information through an organization’s hierarchy

Front 68

Upward

Back 68

movement of info from subordinates to superiors

Front 69

Downward

Back 69

movement of info from superiors to subordinates

Front 70

Horizontal

Back 70

movement of info that enables individuals at the same organizational level to share ideas and exchange info

Front 71

Business ethics

Back 71

the socially accepted moral principles and rules of business conduct involves awareness of how the choices you make affect others

Front 72

Corporate codes of ethic

Back 72

upholding equal commitment to values such as honesty, integrity, fairness, social responsibility, accountability, and respect

Front 73

Libel

Back 73

a false published statement that is damaging to a person’s reputation

Front 74

Culture

Back 74

the shared customs and patterns of behavior of a particular group or society, including its language, rules, beliefs, and structures

Front 75

Ethnocentrism

Back 75

the tendency to make false assumptions, based on limited experience, that one’s own cultural or ethnic group is superior to others

Front 76

Cross-culture competence

Back 76

the ability to communicate effectively with people from different cultural groups based on cultural knowledge

Front 77

Low-context cultures

Back 77

cultures that favor direct communication and depend on explicit verbal and written messages exclusive of context

Front 78

High-contect cultures

Back 78

cultures in which communication depends not only on the explicit wording of a message but also on its surrounding context