Chapter 1 Notecards

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Beringia

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Beringia- Twenty thousand years ago, the world was colder than it is today. Much of the world's moisture was transformed into ice, and the oceans dropped hundreds of feet below their current levels. The receding waters created a land bridge connecting Asia and north America, this area is now beneath the Bering sea, it is named Beringia

Paleo Indians- Hunted in beringia- were the first human beings to step foot on a vast, inhabited continent. Never developed sense of common identity. They didn't domesticate animals.

Hopewell and Adana-

Mississippian culture- a loose collection of communities

Cahokia- a huge fortification and ceremonial site in Illinois that originally high above the river, represented the greatest achievement of the Mississippian peoples.

Matrilineal- based on or tracing descent through the female line; "matrilineal inheritance"

Ethnocentric- the tendency to judge another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. Ethnocentrism usually entails the notion that one’s own culture is superior to everyone else’s.

Ferdinand and Isabella- joint monarchs of Spain; Ferdinand V and Isabella I

Reconquista- Spurred on by the militant faith of Ferdinand and Isabella's faith, the armies of castile and aragon waged a holy war. This was against the independent states of southern spain that earlier had been captured by muslims.

Conquistadors- men eager for personal glory and material gain, uncompromising in matters of religion, and unswerving in their loyalty to the crown. They were prepared to employ fire and sword in any cause sanctioned by god and king, and these adventurers carried the culture to more populous areas.

Archipelago