Chapter 18 Notecards

Front 1

Island Communities

Back 1

Cities and villages that were way out west and isolated and the railroads connected them and brought them together

Front 2

Credit Mobilier

Back 2

The distribution of Crédit Mobilier shares of stock by Congressman Oakes Ames along with cash bribes to congressmen took place during the Andrew Johnson presidency in 1868

Front 3

Trunk Lines

Back 3

Railroads that led many smaller rails to the larger rails.

Front 4

J. Edgar Thomson

Back 4

Built the Pennsylvania Railroad, the fourth Trunk Line.

Front 5

Thomas Scott

Back 5

Built the Pennsylvanie Railroad, the fourth Trunk Line.

Front 6

JP Morgan

Back 6

Was head of the New York investment house of JP Morgan and Company, took the lead of the railroad companies.

Front 7

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Back 7

Owned the New York Central Railroad, the third Trunk Line, and was a multimillionaire from the shipping business.

Front 8

JD Rockefeller

Back 8

A 24 year old Merchant from Cleveland who started the Standard Oil Company.

Front 9

Andrew Carnegie

Back 9

The undisputed leader of the Steel Company, and started the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Company and became the richest man ever.

Front 10

American Railway Association

Back 10

an industry trade group representing railroads in the United States.

Front 11

George Pullman

Back 11

an American inventor and industrialist. He is known as the inventor of the Pullman sleeping car, and for violently suppressing striking workers in the company town he created

Front 12

Vertical Intergration

Back 12

a type of organization in which a single corporation owns and controls the entire process.

Front 13

Horizontal Consolidation

Back 13

A type of organization in which a company sells many produstc in different markets.

Front 14

Union Pacific and Central Pacific

Back 14

The two main companies hired to built the Transcontinental Railroad

Front 15

Transcontinental Railroad

Back 15

The first raidroad to go from the east coast to the west coast

Front 16

Bessemer Process

Back 16

the process of adding oxygen to molten iron to create steel

Front 17

"Trusts"

Back 17

A business-management device designed to centralize and make more efficient the management of diverse and far-flung business operations.

Front 18

Knights of Labor

Back 18

A labor organization who welcomed all type of people and fought for workers rights

Front 19

US Steel Corporation

Back 19

an integrated steel producer who combined the Andrew Carnegie's Carnegie Steel Company with Gary's Federal Steel Company and William Henry "Judge" Moore's National Steel Company for $492 million.

Front 20

AFL

Back 20

A labor organization who only accpeted hard working white males and fought for workers rights

Front 21

Henry Clay Frick

Back 21

Partner of Andrew Carnegie

Front 22

Homestead Strike

Back 22

Occurred when the wages of the workers of Homestead Steel Plany were lowered 20%

Front 23

Cyrus Field

Back 23

Improved the transatlantic cable linking the telegraph networks of Europe and the United States.

Front 24

Alexander Graham Bell

Back 24

Inventor who invented the telephone

Front 25

Chinese Exclusion Act

Back 25

prohibited the immigration of the Chinese for 10 years

Front 26

Haymarket Riot

Back 26

Strike held outside of Haymarket Square. An explosive bomb was thrown in the midst of it and killed 1 policemen. Policemen then opened fire and killed 4 people

Front 27

Northern Securities Company

Back 27

an important United States railroad trust formed in 1902 by E. H. Harriman, James J. Hill, J.P. Morgan, J. D. Rockefeller, and their associates. The company controlled the Northern Pacific Railway, Great Northern Railway, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, and other associated lines

Front 28

Pullman Strike

Back 28

a nationwide conflict between labor unions and railroads that occurred in the United States in 1894. The conflict began in the town of Pullman, Illinois on May 11 when approximately 3,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a wildcat strike in response to recent reductions in wages, bringing traffic west of Chicago to a halt.

Front 29

George Eastman

Back 29

Invented the camera

Front 30

Thomas Edison

Back 30

Great American Inventor who invented many things including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb

Front 31

Chain Store

Back 31

A store that had more than one location owned by the same company

Front 32

Mail Order Catalogs

Back 32

Catalogs in which you could order what you wanted by mail

Front 33

Rise in Advertising

Back 33

The rise in advertising helped advertise products. This made much more money for companies

Front 34

Muller V. Oregon

Back 34

Expanded the Definition of Acceptable Evidence

Front 35

Brandeis Brief

Back 35

Expanded the definition of legal evidence

Front 36

Holden V. Hardy

Back 36

Court upheld a law limiting working hours for miners because their work was dangerous and long hours might increase injuries

Front 37

Lochner V. New York

Back 37

Struck down a law limiting bakery workers to a sixty-hour week and 10-hour day because it was less dangerous then mining

Front 38

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Back 38

paralyzed railroads from California to West Virginia, resulting in deaths in more than a hundred workers

Front 39

Upton Sinclair

Back 39

a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author who wrote over 90 books in many genres

Front 40

"The Jungle"

Back 40

a 1906 novel written by author and journalist Upton Sinclair. Sinclair wrote the novel to highlight the plight of the working class and to show the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century.

Front 41

Jacob Riis

Back 41

a Danish American social reformer, muckraking journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for his dedication to using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City, which was the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography