Chapter 1 - Cells To Body Systems

Front 1

Define cell

Back 1

the basic unit of structure and function in living things

Front 2

Define microscopic

Back 2

Too small to be seen without a microscope

Front 3

What do scientists learn about cells by using a microscope?

Back 3

all cells share characteristics, different cells do different jobs and all organizims are made up of cells

Front 4

Define organisim

Back 4

any living things that maintains vital life process

Front 5

How do cells keep organisms alive and healthy?

Back 5

They work togetherto carry out functions that keep organisms alive.

Front 6

Define cell membrane

Back 6

The thin covering that sorounds every cell

Front 7

What are the purposes of the cell membrane

Back 7

It protects the cell, holds its contents together, and controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Front 8

Define nucleus

Back 8

A cell that directs all of the cells activity

Front 9

Define Cytoplasm

Back 9

The jelly like material inside a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

Front 10

What structures are present in both plant and animal cells

Back 10

nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chromosomes, and vacoules

Front 11

What structures in the plant cell are not seen in the animal cell?

Back 11

A chloroplast and cell wall.

Front 12

How do the vesicles in the animal cell compare to the vacoule in the plant cell

Back 12

both store food, water, and waste

Front 13

what are bacteria?

Back 13

A single cell organism that does not have a nucleus

Front 14

How are bacteria helpful?

Back 14

Enriching the soil by bronchi breaking down dead plants and animals. Helps animals digest food and as well as making food like cheese and yogurt.

Front 15

How do bacterial cells differ from plant and animal cells?

Back 15

They do not have a nucleus or a cell membrane and organells

Front 16

Define protist

Back 16

A single celled organism with a nucles and organelles

Front 17

Define tissue

Back 17

cells that work together to perform a certain function

Front 18

What are the four kinds of tissue in your body?

Back 18

epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue

Front 19

Define organ

Back 19

Several kinds of tissue working together for the same function

Front 20

How are muscle tissue and connective tissue alike?
How are they different?

Back 20

both of them connect muscles together

Front 21

Define organ system

Back 21

organs that work together to do a job for the body

Front 22

define digestive system

Back 22

breaks food down into chemical nutrients that body cells need for energy, growth and repair

Front 23

What is the path that food takes through the body?

Back 23

It goes down the esophagus to the stomach. Then to the small intestine and then into the blood vessels and then to the body.

Front 24

How do the nutrients from food move from the intestine into the body's cells?

Back 24

First chemicals break food down into nutrients. Then nutrients are moved into the blood. Blood moves nutrients to each of the body's cells.

Front 25

How are vili like the roots of a plant? How are the different?

Back 25

they both carry nutrients

Front 26

What role do the stomach, the pancreas, and the gallbladder have in common?

Back 26

The all digest food

Front 27

How are cells like systems?How are they different?

Back 27

each cell works to keep healthy. But they also work with other cells to form tissue

Front 28

Define circulatory system.

Back 28

Is made up of the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood togetherthey transport oxygen, and wastes through the body.

Front 29

What is blood?

Back 29

is a connective tissue that is part of the circulatory system

Front 30

Name the four main parts of blood

Back 30

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platlets

Front 31

Name three types of blood vessels.

Back 31

arteries, cappelaries, veins

Front 32

How does blood flow from the lungs through the body?

Back 32

from the heart through the veins

Front 33

Define respiratory system

Back 33

A group of organs and tissues that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide beween your body and enviroment

Front 34

What are the tubes that branch from the trachea

Back 34

the bronchi

Front 35

Where in the lungs does gas exchange occur?

Back 35

Between the air in the veoli and the blood in the cappilaries

Front 36

How does oxygen get from the air into your blood?

Back 36

you inhale it

Front 37

What structure carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs?

Back 37

The pulmonary arteries

Front 38

What structures carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?

Back 38

The pulmonary veins

Front 39

Define skeletal system

Back 39

supports your body. It also protects many of the major organs.

Front 40

Define muscular system

Back 40

includes muscles and tendons that move bones

Front 41

What does the skeletal system include?

Back 41

many bones, cartilage and ligaments

Front 42

What is cartilage?

Back 42

is a spongy connective tissue that cushions the ends of many bones.

Front 43

What are ligaments?

Back 43

bands of connective tissue that hold bones together.

Front 44

What are the purposes of the skeletal and muscular systems?

Back 44

To support your body, gives your body its form. Allows you to sit stand and move. Produces blood cells

Front 45

Where are blood cells produced?

Back 45

The are produced inside your largest bones.

Front 46

What is a tendon?

Back 46

Connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles and bones.

Front 47

Name the three types of muscle

Back 47

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle.

Front 48

What is the difference between coluntary and involuntary muscle?

Back 48

Voluntary muscle are muscles that you can control.
Involuntary muscles are muscle that you can't control.

Front 49

How do opposing muscles cause movement at a joint?

Back 49

One muscle contracts to bend a joint and another muscle contracts to bend it.

Front 50

Define nervous system

Back 50

Enables you to sense your enviroment and to react to it.

Front 51

What are the purposes of your nervous system?

Back 51

Directs other system activities and it connects all the tissues and organs in your body to your brain.

Front 52

What are the two parts of the nervous system? What are they made up of?

Back 52

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Front 53

What is the sequence of events in a reflex?

Back 53

A nerve signal travels to your spinal cord, where it takes a "short cut" before traveling to your brain. The signal in your spinal cord tells the muscle or the nerve to move the part of the body that is in danger.

Front 54

Define excretory system

Back 54

The part of the body that gets rid of waste such as amonia.

Front 55

What do the kidneys do?

Back 55

They filter liquid waste from the blood and help remove them from the body as urine.

Front 56

How is amonia removed from the body?

Back 56

The liver converts amonia into urea, which travels through the blood to the kidneys, as blood flows through the kidneys the main organ of the excretory system urea and other wastes are filtered from the blood.