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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Life? |
All living things |
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
-Is the common set of features all living organisms share - is the genetic "blue print" for life *each species' genetic instructions are coded in sequence of 4 nucleotides along DNA strand *same language for all species UNIVERSAL CODE! *evidence all life is related -nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain sugar deoxyribose |
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The Characteristics of Life |
-Order -Energy Use -Regulate internal environment -Maintain, grow, develop, and reproduce -Respond to environmental stimuli -Living tings evolve overtime in response to their environment |
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Order |
-Life is organized in hierarchical sequences of increasing complexity -organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cells, organelles, atom |
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Cell Theory |
-The basic unit of life that displays all the properties of life is a cell -Cell is the simplest form of life |
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Emergent Property of Life |
-New properties emerge from the complex organization of a system, such as a cell -The whole is greater than the sum of its parts |
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Energy Use |
-The natural tendency of matter is towards disorder -living systems acquire and use energy to maintain their highly organized state -ex. metabolism and plants use photosynthesis |
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Metabolism |
The sum of all chemical processes that take place in the cell that acquire and use energy |
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Regulate internal environment |
-this requires a separation from the non-living world -for metabolic processes to function normally, living things need to keep themselves stable in temperature, moisture level, chemistry, etc. *for any chemical reaction you nee enzymes (type of protein) these are extremely affected by temperature -homeostasis |
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Homeostasis |
-the ability to maintain internal constancy (i.e., to stay the same) -is the means of a self-regulating mechanism |
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Maintain, Grow, Develop, and Reproduce |
-vital if a population of organisms is to survive more than one generation -mitosis |
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Respond to environmental stimuli |
-reaction may be immediate or longer *ex. touch a hot burner you pull your hand away *ex. plants, when leaves change is a reaction to the length of the day |
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Living things evolve over time in response to their environment |
-evolve means to change, happens in populations over many generations -process of natural selection -ex. antibiotic resistance |
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Science |
-is a way of knowing -does not accumulate absolute truths, only levels of confidence -is empirical based on observation, measurement, and experiment -seeks natural causes for natural phenomena -Skepticism is vital to the process of science -is objective |
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A scientific statement must be... |
testable and reproducible |
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Discovery Science |
-scientists use observation and measurement to describe some aspect of the world -use inductive reasoning to draw general conclusions (specific>general) |
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Theory |
-A generalization made from a large body of observation and experiments that best explains that body of data *are made with inductive reasoning *in biology theory is the highest level of confidence *no laws in biology |
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Hypothesis-based science |
-scientists attempt to explain observations from discovery science by testing hypotheses (observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, test the prediction, and results supports or falsify hypothesis) *use deductive reasoning |
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Hypothesis |
-an educated preliminary explanation to a scientific question; not supported by experimentation -tentative observation on what will happen (educated guess) -a good hypothesis makes predictions that can be tested |
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Deductive Reasoning |
(IF...THEN...)flows from general to specific premise *use to make predictions |
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control group |
-sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked -placebo |
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experimental group |
-the sample that goes through all the steps of the experiment and does contain the experimental variable being tested |
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Biology |
the scientific study of life |
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Photosynthesis |
process, usually occurring within chloroplasts, that use solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrate |
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evolution |
genetic change in a species over time, resulting in the development of genetic and phenotypic differences that are the basis of natural selection; descent of organisms from a common ancestor |
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natural selection |
mechanism of evolutionary change caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce; results in adaptation to the environment |
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scientific method |
process by which scientists formulate a hypothesis, gather by observation and experimentation, and come to a conclusion |
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observation |
initial step in the scientific method that often involves the recording of data from an experiment or natural event |
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inductive reasoning |
using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at a general scientific principle |
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prediction |
step of the scientific process that follows the formulation of a hypothesis and assists in creating the experimental design |
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experimental design |
methodology by which an experiment will seek to support the hypothesis |
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experimental or independent variable |
factor of the experiment being tested |
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responding or dependent variable |
result or change that occurs when an experimental variable utilized in an experiment |
