Chapter 1 (B) Ig

Front 1

Movement

Back 1

- an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

- most single-celled organisms move as a whole fungi and plants may make movements with parts of their bodies.

Front 2

Respiration

Back 2

- the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Front 3

Sensitivity

Back 3

- the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses

Front 4

Growth

Back 4

A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number cell size or both

Front 5

Reproduction

Back 5

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Front 6

Excretion

Back 6

Removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements

Front 7

Nutrition

Back 7

Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Front 8

What is morphology?

Back 8

1. The study of the form or outward appearance of organisms.

2. The overall form and shape of plants animals and microorganisms, such as whether they have wings or legs.

Front 9

What is anatomy?

Back 9

The detailed body structure, which could be determined by dissection.

Front 10

Characteristics of an animal

Back 10

- multicellular

- cells have a nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts

- feed on organic substances made by other living organisms

Front 11

Characteristics of a plant

Back 11

- multicellular

- cells have a nucleus, cell walls made of cellulose and often contain chloroplasts

- feed by photosynthesis

- may have roots, stems and leaves

Front 12

Characteristics of a fungi

Back 12

- usually multicellular

- have nuclei

- have cell walls not made of cellulose

- feed by saprophytic or parasitic nutrition

Front 13

Characteristics of a Protactista

Back 13

- multicellular or unicellular

- cells have a nucleus

- cells may or may not have a cell walk and chloroplasts

- some feed by photosynthesis and others feed on organic substances made by another organism

Front 14

Characteristics of a prokaryote

Back 14

- often unicellular

- have no nucleus

- have cell walls, not made of cellulose

- have no mitochondria

Front 15

Viruses

Back 15

- causes things such as colds influenza and AIDS

- "weird life"

- on their own they cannot move, feed, excrete, show sensitivity, grow or reproduce

- in an organism

Front 16

Fish

Back 16

- vertebrates with scaly skin

- have gills

- have fins

Hint 16

Front 17

Amphibians

Back 17

- vertebrates with moist scale-less skin

- egg laid in water, larva lives in water

- adult often lives on land

- larva has gills adult has lungs

Hint 17

Front 18

Birds

Back 18

- vertebrates with feathers

- forelimbs have wings

- lay eggs with hard shells

- endothermic

- have a beak

- heart has four chambers

Hint 18

Front 19

Reptiles

Back 19

- vertebrates with scaly skin

- lay eggs with rubbery shells

Hint 19

Front 20

Mammals

Back 20

- vertebrates with hair

- have a placenta

- young feed on milk from mammary glands

- endothermic

- have a diaphragm

- heart has four chambers

- have different types of teeth

Hint 20

Front 21

Phylum arthropods

Back 21

- no backbone

- hard, waterproof exoskeleton

- several pairs of jointed legs

- segmented bodies

Hint 21

Front 22

Insects

Back 22

-mostly live on land

- arthropods with three pairs of jointed legs

- one pair of antennae

- compound eyes

- typically, two pairs of wings ( one or both may be vestigial)

- breath through tracheae

- body divided into head, thorax and abdomen

- no limbs on the abdominal segments

Hint 22

Front 23

Crustaceans

Back 23

- mostly live in water

- arthropods with more than three pairs of jointed legs

- have to pairs of antennae which are sensitive to touch and chemicals

- they have compound eyes

- breath through gills

Hint 23

Front 24

Arachnids

Back 24

- bodies are divided into two regions the cephalothorax and the abdomen.

- four pairs of segmented limbs on the cephalothorax

-usually several pairs of simple eyes

- breath through gills called book lungs

Hint 24

Front 25

Myriapods

Back 25

- body consists of a head and segmented body segments.

- each segment has jointed legs

- one pair of antennae

- simple eyes

Hint 25

Front 26

Why is it important to classify organisms?

Back 26

- classification is a way of sorting organisms into a meaningful order, traditionally using morphology and anotomy more recently using DNA

Front 27

What is the binomial system?

Back 27

- The binomial system is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing genus and species.

Front 28

Species or genus first?

Back 28

Ex. ^

- Genus then species

Front 29

Define species?

Back 29

- A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

- often resemble each other in appearance.

Front 30

How do DNA base sequences help with classification?

Back 30

- each species has a distinct number chromosomes and a unique sequence of bases In it's DNA making it identifiable and distinguishable from other species.

- it helps particularly when different species are very similar morphologically and anatomically.

Front 31

What are vertebrates?

Back 31

- organisms with a spinal or vertebral column and a skull

Front 32

Poikilothermic

Back 32

- variable temperature

Front 33

Homoiothermic

Back 33

- constant temperature

Front 34

What groups are in the Whittaker five-kindom system?

Back 34

Front 35

What groups are In Whoese's 3 domain system?

Back 35

Front 36

Ferns

Back 36

-plants with roots, stems & leaves

-have leaves called fronds

-do not produce flowers

-reproduce by spores

Front 37

Flowering plants

Back 37

-Plants with roots stems and leaves

-reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds

-seeds are produced inside the ovary of the flower

Front 38

Monocotyledons

Back 38

Leaf shape - long and narrow

Leaf veins- parallel

Cotyledons- one

Grouping of flower parts - threes

Front 39

Dicotyledon

Back 39

Leaf shape - broad

Leaf veins - branching

Cotyledons - two

Grouping of flower parts - fives

Front 40

Dichotomous keys uses

Back 40

- used to identify unfamiliar organisms

- simplfies the process of identification

Front 41

How a dichotomous key is constructed.

Back 41

- each key is made up of pairs of contrasting features

-starting with quite general characteristics and progressing to more specific ones.