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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who were the Incas?
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The Incas are the indigenous people of Central America that existed during pre-Colombian times. They also existed in the western portion of South America as well as within Central America.
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Who were the Mayans?
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They invented the zero and they also had the only known fully written language of the pre-Columbian Americas.The Mayan civilization extended from as far as central Mexico to Guatemala,Belize El Salvador and Honduras.
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Who were the Aztecs?
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The Aztecs were a nomadic tribe that relocated to central Mexico during the 12th Century. They became a powerful group during the 14th Century, setting up their capital tin an area which is known today as Mexico City.
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What is the Chaco Canyon?
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The Cree are one of the largest American Indian groups in North America. There are 200,000 living in communities throughout Canada and in parts of the northern United States.
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Who were the Woodlawn Indians?
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Woodland Indian tribes lived east of the Plains Indians and extended from New England and Maryland to the Great Lakes Area and into Maine. They lived in the forests near lakes or streams, which is why they're called Eastern Woodland Indians.
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What were mobile societies(Native Americans)?
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Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which are still enduring as political communities.
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What is the agriculture of the natives?
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The first humans to visit what is now Virginia could hunt animals, gather fruits from trees/vines, and pull handfuls of seeds from wild plants. However, the first humans to visit what is now Virginia were not able to plant, nurture, and harvest a crop - because those first humans lacked the expertise and resources to practice agriculture. That changed over time, however.
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Who Leif Erikson?
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The Norse explorer Leif Erikson is the man that landed in North America about 500 years earlier than Christopher Columbus did. He was born in AD 970 in Iceland.
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Who is Prince Henry: The Navigator?
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Prince Henry the Navigator was a Royal member of Portugal. He sponsored many voyages of exploration but never actually sailed. He got this name from the English.
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Who was Christopher Columbus?
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Christopher Columbus was a colonizer, navigator and explorer. His voyages took him across the Atlantic Ocean, eventually leading to European awareness of the existence of the American continents.
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Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
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Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer. He He was said to be the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean. He attempted to sail around the world and would have been the first, but was killed on his journey.
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Who are the Conquistadors?
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Spanish conquerors of the 1500s in the Americas.
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Who was Cortes?
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Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castille in the early 16th century.
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Who is Francisco Pizarro?
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Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Inca Empire and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru.
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What are the Catholic Missionaries (natives)?
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Series of religious and military outposts established by Spanish Catholics of the Franciscan Order between 1769 and 1823 to spread the Christian faith among the local Native Americans.
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What was St. Augustine 1565?
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St. Augustine is a city in the northeast section of Florida and the county seat of St. Johns County, Florida, United States. Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés.
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Hwat was ecomiendas?
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A labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility.
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What was the Pueblo Revolt?
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An uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico.
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What makes a person a Mestizo?
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A person of European and American blood.
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Who is John Cabot?
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The official position of the Canadian and United Kingdom governments is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. An Italian navigator and explorer.
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Who is Richard Hakluyt?
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An English writer principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works.
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What is a Doctrine of Predestination?
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A doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world.
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What is the English Reformation?
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The English Reformation was the series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
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Who is John Calvin?
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Founder of Calvinism. Criticized the church for selling salvation and other corrupt deeds.
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Who are the Puritan Separatists?
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The Separatists were severely critical of the Church of England and wanted to either destroy it or separate from it.
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Who is Elizabeth I?
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The fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty in England.
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Who is Coureurs De Bois?
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An individual who engaged in the fur trade without permission from the French authorities.
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What is New Amsterdam?
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A 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland. It later became New York City.
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What is the West India Company?
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A chartered company of Dutch merchants. The intended purpose of the charter was to eliminate competition, particularly Spanish or Portuguese, between the various trading posts established by the merchants. The company became instrumental in the Dutch colonization of the Americas.
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Who is Sir Walter Raleigh?
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An English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy and explorer who is also largely known for making tobacco popular in England.
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What is Roanoke?
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An enterprise financed and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh located in North Carolina.
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James I
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Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
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What is Jamestown?
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First permanent English settlement in the United States.
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Who is John Smith?
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An English soldier, explorer, and author remembered for his role in establishing Jamestown.
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Who is Lord De Lawar?
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He served as governor of the Jamestown Colony, and the Delaware Bay was named after him.
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What is Tobacco?
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A plant popular in America, Cuba, and China, usually chewed, smoked or huffed.
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What is the Virginia Company?
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It refers to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I on with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America.
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What is the Head-Right System?
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Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.
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Who were the Powhatans?
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The Powhatan is the name of a Virginia Indian tribe. It is also the name of a powerful group of tribes which they dominated. It is estimated that there were about 14,000-21,000 of these native Powhatan people in eastern Virginia when the English settled Jamestown in 1607.
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Who were Maryland and the Calverts?
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It is a county in Maryland and around Chesapeake.
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What was the Proprietary Rule?
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After several expeditions and settlement attempts in the 16th century, the French and English had abandoned the area of present-day South Carolina north of the Edisto River. In 1629 Charles I granted his attorney general.
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What is the Toleration Act?
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An act by parliament granting freedom of worship. One series of measures that established the Glorious Revolution in England.
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What is Bacon’s Rebellion?
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Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city.
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What is the Plymouth Plantation?
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Plymouth Colony (sometimes New Plymouth) was an English colonial venture in North America from 1620 to 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement, which served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts.
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What is the Mayflower Compact?
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The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
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Who is William Bradford?
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A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.
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What was the Colonial Currency?
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Early American currency went through several stages of development in the colonial and post-Revolutionary history of the United States. Because few coins were minted in the thirteen colonies that became the United States in 1776, foreign coins like the Spanish dollar were widely circulated.
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Who is John Winthrop?
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He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony. A Puritan. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president.
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What is the Theocratic Society?
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A form of government in which God is the supreme being which makes him the ruler.
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Who is Roger Williams?
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He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.
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Why is Anne Hutchinson significant?
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She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.
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What was Pequot War?
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The Pequot War was an armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies against the Pequot tribe.
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What was the King Philips War?
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1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip.
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Who are the Narragansetts?
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The Narragansetts is a very significant family.
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What was the English Civil War?
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Narragansett Bay is a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound. Covering 147 mi2 (380 km2), the Bay forms New England's largest estuary, which functions as an expansive natural harbor, and includes a small archipelago.
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What were the Middle Colonies?
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The Middle Colonies, also known as the Bread Colonies or the Breadbasket Colonies for the region's production of wheat, grain, and oats.
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Who were the Quakers?
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Members of the Religious Society of Friends, a faith that emerged as a new Christian denomination in England during a period of religious turmoil in the mid-1600's.
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Who was William Penn?
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William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious freedom.
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What are the Charter of Liberties?
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The Charter of Liberties, also called the Coronation Charter, was a written proclamation by Henry I of England, issued upon his accession to the throne in 1100.
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What were the Black Codes?
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The Black Codes were laws passed on the state and local level in the United States, but mostly in the south, to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of African Americans.
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What was the Holy Experiment?
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The "Holy Experiment" was an attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania.
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What was going on in California throughout 1760’s?
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Western historians may sometimes specifically define the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution with an emphasis on directly interconnected events.
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Who was James Oglethorpe?
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James Edward Oglethorpe was a British general, a philanthropist, and was the founder of the colony of Georgia. As a social reformer in Britain, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prison, in the New World.
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What is Mercantilism?
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Mercantilism is an economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism, that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is unchangeable.
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What were the Navigation Acts?
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The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651.
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Who is Sir Edmond Andros?
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Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England.
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What was the Glorious Revolution?
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The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England together with his wife Mary II of England.
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What was the Cambridge Agreement?
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The Cambridge Agreement was an agreement made on August 29, 1629, between the shareholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company. The Agreement led directly to the foundation of Boston, Massachusetts.
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What was the Church of England (Anglican)?
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The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches.
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What was Covenant Theology?
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Puritan teachings emphasized the biblical covenants: God’s covenants with Adam and with Noah, the covenant of grace between God and man through Christ.
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What was the Half-Way Covenant?
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The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs.
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Who is Thomas Hooker?
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Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartford. Called "the father of American democracy" because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates.
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What is the Joint Stock Company?
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A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company’s profits and debts.
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Who were the Cavaliers?
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They were the troops loyal to Charles II. Their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell.
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Who was John Locke?
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Locke was a British political theorist who wrote the Fundamental Constitution for the Carolinas colony, but it was never put into effect. The constitution would have set up a feudalistic government headed by an aristocracy which owned most of the land.
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What was the Staybrook Platform?
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It organized town churches into county associations which sent delegates to the annual assembly which governed the colony of Connecticut.
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What was the Ordinance of Discovery(Aztec)?
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The Ordinance of Discovery was a law issued by King Phillip II. The importance of thus law was to keep track of all political and economic life in newly discovered places.
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