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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The secondary muscles of respiration.
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accessory muscles
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A method of assessing a patient's level of consciousness by determining whether a patient is Awake and alert, responsive to Verbal stimulus or Pain, or Unresponsive; used principally in the initial assessment.
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AVPU scale
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A mechanism of injury in which force occurs over a broad area and the skin is not usually broken.
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blunt trauma
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An infection control concept and practice that assumes that all body fluids are potentially infectious.
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body substance isolation (BSI)
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An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope.
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breath sounds
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A test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by squeezing (blanching) blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure.
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capillary refill
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The reason a patient called for help; also, the patient's response to general questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?"
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chief complaint
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To form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessels and stop blood flow.
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coagulate
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A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling.
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crepitus
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Bluish-gray skin color that is caused by reduced oxygen levels in the blood.
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cyanosis
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A mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/Penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling.
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DCAP-BTLS
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The part of the assessment process in which a detailed area-by-area exam is performed on patients whose problems cannot be readily identified or when more specific information is needed about problems identified in the focused history and physical exam.
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detailed physical exam
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Pain that is not identified as being specific to a single location.
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diffuse pain
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The area of the body where a penetrating trauma occurs. In knife or gunshot wounds, this would be the area where the bullet or blade entered. Also seen in serious electrical injuries.
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entrance wound
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The area of the body where a penetrating trauma exited. In gunshot wounds, this would be the area where the bullet exited.
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exit wound
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Pain that is easily identified as being specific to a single location.
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focal pain
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The part of the assessment process in which the patient's major complaints or any problems that are immediately evident are further and more specifically evaluated.
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focused history and physical exam
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The overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care; based on the patient's surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and the chief complaint.
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general impression
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The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock or traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is the best.
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Golden Hour
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A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C), usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures.
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hypothermia
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The part of the assessment process that helps you to identify any immediately or potentially life-threatening conditions so that you can initiate lifesaving care.
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initial assessment
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A yellow skin or sclera color that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction.
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jaundice
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The way in which traumatic injuries occur; the forces that act on the body to cause damage.
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mechanism of injury
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Flaring out of the nostrils, indicating that there is an airway obstruction.
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nasal flaring
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Effort to determine the general type of illness.
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nature of illness
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The part of the assessment process in which problems are reevaluated and responses to treatment are assessed.
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ongoing assessment
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The six pain questions: Onset, Provoking factors, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time.
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OPQRST
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The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person (name), place (current location), time (current year, month, and approximate date), and event (what happened).
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orientation
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Examine by touch.
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palpate
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The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion-in during inhalation, out during exhalation-is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing.
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paradoxical motion
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A mechanism of injury in which force occurs in a small point of contact between the skin and the object. The skin is broken and the potential for infection is high.
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penetrating trauma
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A continuation of an area of pain or discomfort distal to the site of the origin of the pain; gives the sensation that the pain is moving (radiating) away from the origin.
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radiation
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Cracking, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called crackles.
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rales
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The way in which a patient responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli (touch), and painful stimuli.
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responsiveness
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Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration.
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retractions
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Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways.
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rhonchi
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A key brief history of a patient's condition to determine Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past history, Last oral intake, and Events leading to the illness/injury.
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SAMPLE history
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A quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings made to provide information about its safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness, before you enter and begin patient care.
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scene size-up
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The tough, fibrous white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures.
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sclera
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A harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound that is often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction; may sound like crowing and be audible without a stethoscope.
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stridor
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A characteristic crackling sensation on palpation, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues.
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subcutaneous emphysema
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The process of sorting patients based on the severity of injury and medical need, to establish treatment and transportation priorities.
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triage
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A severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only two to three words at a time without pausing to take a breath.
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two- to three-word dyspnea
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