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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Affair of Placards
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anti catholic posters appeared in public places ended conciliatory policies of Francis I who attempted to protect the protestants
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Edict of Fontaineblec/u?
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Inquisition?
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Huguenots?
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40-50 percent of nobility
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3 families that challenged throne after Henry II
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Guise- Catholic
Montmorency- Chatillons- Protestant Bourbon- Protestant |
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House of Henry of Navarre?
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Bourbon
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Wife of Henry II?
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Catherine de Medici- mother of Charles IX, House of Valois
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What did Catherine attempt?
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Tried to balance c and p, hardline policies against H
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St. Bartholomew's Day
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Most savage event of religious wars, 4 days after marriage of Henry of Navarre and Margret of Valois
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Assassination of Admiral Coligny
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Guise plotted because they were Catholic and Admiral Protestant
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War of the 3 Henrys- 3 henrys?
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Henry of Guise (Catholic)
Henry of Navarre (Protestant) King Henry III (Succeeded Charles IX) |
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What Happened to Henry of Guise?
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King Henry III had the catholic league leader assassinated
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What Happened to King Henry III?
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Assassinated by crazy Catholic monk
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What happened to Henry of Navarre
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Became King Henry IV
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Politiques?
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moderates of both c and p put politics above religion includes King Henry IV
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King Henry IV
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converted to C
Established Edict of Nantes Laid foundations for royal power and absolutism |
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Edict of Nantes?
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Decree of religious tolerance for P in France
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Phillip II of Spain
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Inherited lands from father Charles V
Devout Catholic Wanted c as uniform religion "Champion of Catholicism" Spanish Hapsburgs |
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Hapsburg Family
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Most important in Europe
All HRE (1438-1740) Spanish territory and Austrian Territory |
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Revolts in Netherlands
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Domain of Phillip, S provinces=c n provinces=p
Resisted Phillip's C reform William the silent, House of Orange Treaty of Utrecht |
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Spanish Armada
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May 1588 130 spanish ships sailed from libson well equipped however english ships smaller and maneuverable
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Queen of England; Elizabeth
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Phillip and May tried to restore England to C
Elizabeth takes Crown rejects Phillip's marriage proposal assists dutch rebels had spy Sir Francis Walsinghein |
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Cousin Mary Stuart Queen of Scots
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Catholic in line for throne, Phillip wanted her Queen Elizabeth knew, Implicated in murder plot had to abdicate baby James I, Sought protection of Elizabeth, wanted Elizabeth's help to restore her power, Elizabeth said no
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Mary Stuart's Desperation
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Conspired with other C's to recover england, offered succesion rights to Phillip, ended Elizabeth's patience, executed in feb 18, 1587
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Phillip outraged
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Pope Sixtus V pffered Phillip 1 million gold ducats when spanish troops set foot in England
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Battle of Lepanto
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Restored control of mediterranean to Europe
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Spanish Armada Battle
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English fire ships scattered Armada allowed english to take down one by one
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Protestant wind
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Spanish flee hit storms so bad sank all ships English drove Spanish up to north sea armada broke up around tip of Scotland and "limped home" Pope Sixtus V angry
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Aftermath of Spanish Armada
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1000s sailors died, psychological victory for England, disaster for spanish catholics spain experienced sense of defeatism
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Thirty Years War
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Last big religous war 1618-1648
4 phases Bohemian Danish Swedish France Peace of Westphalia |
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Defenstration of Prague
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P and C set up meeting may 23 1618, P officails defenstrated c officials and secretary, survived because landed in dung heap but claimed angels saved them Ignited thirty years war
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Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)
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C & p fight, Federick V became King of Bohemia, HRE Ferdinand II used $ from C league and Hapsburgs to build an army,C forces crush p at Battle of White Mountain and Jesuits convert p's back to c, mercenaries join, Albert Von Wallenstein, HRE commissioned 125,00 soldiers, destroyed Germany,Spanish attack holdings of Fedeick V along Rhine River and Bohemians can't reclaim land back from Spain
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Danish Phase (1625-1630)
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Europe horrified at Wallensteins tactics, King Christian IV of Denmark joined to help P's, Wallenstein too much for King Christian, HRE establihed Edict of Restitution, Hapsburg reached pinnacle of power, HRE pressured to control wallenstein and told him to back off
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Edict of Restotution
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1629 Restore all p held lands to c and outlawed all sects but Catholicism and Lutheranism undid Peace of Augsburg
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Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
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p's in trouble so King Gustauvus Adolphus of Sweden entered 100,000 troops, hoped to exert influence and help p's, French helped Swedish, French hoped to undermine Hapsburgs, HRE requests Wallenstein help 1634 Sweds point of defeat and p's in serious trouble
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French Phase (1635-1648)
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Wallenstien angry at HRE and wanted to create own empire, HRE had Wallenstein troops kill him, land taken by church, some p princes side with church, France side with P to spite Hapsburgs, neither side could get upper hand
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Peace of Westphailia (1648)
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ended 30 years war, recognized sovereignty or 300+ German Princes, diallowed papal meddling in religious affairs, upheld peace of Augsburg and added Calvinism nullified edict of restitution
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Aftermath of the 30 years war
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Northern Germany stayed p southern Germany stayed C, Switzerland won recognition as independent states, German Princes won rights to sign treaties as long as they didn't declare war on HRE, Sweden got cash and land, France won region of ALSACE
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Political Fallout of 30 years war
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Spain lost territory that France gained, France most powerful, France benefited from fragmentation of the HRE, HRE faded into oblivion, Hapsburg stayed $$$, Germany completely destroyed, pop. decreased by as much as 20%, Food shortages, Inflation, Trade routes diappeared, Towns grew as refugees moved in for safety
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Before Defenstration
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Bohemia hotbed between p and c, p out number c but fragmented, HRE Rudolph II Letter Majesty died b4 benefits, C forbade P to build churhces, Ferdinand II King of Bohemia p feared worst
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Letter of majesty
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Limited freedoms and tolerance to Protestants
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