Ap European History Chapter 15 Vocabulary

Front 1

Secularization

Back 1

Moving away from religion

Front 2

Witchcraft Hysteria

Back 2

Many people (especially older women) executed for witchcraft in the 1500 and 1600s

Front 3

Thirty Years War

Back 3

1618-1638 religious & political struggle in the holy roman enpire

Front 4

Protestant Union

Back 4

Holy Roman union led by Calvanist the Elector Palatine Frederick IV

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Catholic Union

Back 5

Holy Roman Empire union led by Duke Maximillian of Baveria

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Bohemian Phase

Back 6

1618-1625 the first phase of the Thirsty Years War, begun when Calvinist nobles replace Catholic/Habsburg Bohemina king Ferdinand with Calvinist head of Protestant Union Elector Frederick V

Front 7

Battle of White Mountain

Back 7

Nov 8, 1620 - Deposed Bohemeian king Ferdinand (now Holdy Roman Emeror Ferdinand II) along with Maximillian of Bavaria's Catholic League defeats Bohemia under Frederick V

Front 8

Danish Phase

Back 8

1625-1629 the second phase of the Thirty Year War, begun when Danish king Christian IV, a Lutheran, sends army into Holy Roman Empire to help German Protestants defeat Catholics

Front 9

Albrecht von Wallenstein

Back 9

Bohemian Catholic commander who defeated Protestant forces at Dessau and Christian IV's forces in 1627

Front 10

Edict of Restitution

Back 10

1629 edict from Holy Roman Empire Ferdinand II which outlawed Calvinism

Front 11

Swedish Phase

Back 11

1630-1635 the third stage of the Thirty Year War begun when Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus came to aid German Protestants but was killed defeating the Ccatholics at Lutzen

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Franco-Swedish Phase

Back 12

1635-1648 the fourth and final stage of the Thirty Year War, begun when Catholic France under Louis XIII and his minister Cardinal Richelieu help the protestant against the Catholics because they fear the Habsburgs under Ferdinand II

Front 13

Peace of Westphalia

Back 13

1648 treaty that ended the Thirty Year War and returned the Holy Roman Emire to Charles V's Religious Peace of Augsburg idea of "as ruler goes religion" but extended this to include Calvinist

Front 14

Conscription

Back 14

Mandatory military service (i.e. the draft)

Front 15

Standing Armies

Back 15

Armies compromised of full-time soldiers that were maintained in wor and peacetime

Front 16

Absolutism

Back 16

Government run by "divine right" kings who had the power to make laws, tax, administer justice, control the state's bureaucracy, and make foreign policy

Front 17

Bishop Bousset

Back 17

Divine-right monarchy advocate whose book "Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture" said kings only answerable to God and therefore should have absolute power

Front 18

King Louis XIV

Back 18

French King (1643-1715) and perhaps the best example of an absolute monarch

Front 19

Cardinal Richelieu

Back 19

French minister to Louis XIII who helped strengthen the monarchy

Front 20

Intendants

Back 20

Richelieu's royal officials sent out into the provinces to collect taxes and enforce laws

Front 21

Taille

Back 21

An important French tax on land or property

Front 22

Regency

Back 22

A period when a new monarch is too young to actually therefore a guardian or regent rules

Front 23

Cardinal Mazarin

Back 23

Richeleiu's replacement and chief advosor to Louis XIV's regent and mother Anne of Austria

Front 24

The Fronde

Back 24

1648-1652 unsuccessful rebellion first led by nobles of the robe (non-military nobles) and later by nobles of the sword against the regency of Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin

Front 25

Versailles

Back 25

Louis XIV's palace which came to symbolize Louis XIV's power and authority

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"One King, One Law, One Faith"

Back 26

Louis XIV's belief that France should be united

Front 27

Edict of Fontainebleau

Back 27

Louis XIV's 1685 law striking down the Edict of Nantes and making Protestantism (and especially Huguenots) illegal in France

Front 28

Colbert

Back 28

Louis XIV's finance minister who promoted mercantillism and fostered French manufacturing

Front 29

The War of the League of Augsburg

Back 29

1689-1697 Louis XIV's failed war to take over the Holy Roman Empire

Front 30

War for Spanish Succession

Back 30

1702-1713 Begun with Louis XIV's attempt to put a Bourbon on the thrown of Spain, eventually pitting France and Spain against England, many German princes, the Austrian Habsburgs & the United Provinces

Front 31

Battle of Blenheim

Back 31

1704 battle during War for Spanish Succession won by British under Churchill, Duke of Marlborough

Front 32

Peace of Utrecht

Back 32

Ended War for Spanish Succession by allowing a Bourbon (Phillip V) on Spanish throne, giving French lands in Canada to England, and Spanish lands in Italy to Austria

Front 33

Sun King

Back 33

Louis XIV's nickname indicating his power and importance in France

Front 34

King Phillip III

Back 34

King of Spain 1598-1621 whose greedy first minister the Duke of Lerma bankrupted Spain

Front 35

Phillip IV

Back 35

King of Spain 1621-1665 whose capable chief minister Guzman tried but ultamately failed to tame the nobles of Spain

Front 36

Battle of Rocroi

Back 36

1643 battle during the Thirty Year War where much of the Spanish army was destroyed

Front 37

Peace of the Prenees

Back 37

1659 treaty between Spain and France which marked the end of Spain's power and dominance

Front 38

Hohenzollern dynasty

Back 38

Royal family of German state of Brandenburg

Front 39

Brandenburg-Prussia

Back 39

Beandenburg took over state of Prussia in 1619 and changed its name to this

Front 40

Prussia

Back 40

Brandenburg-Prussia becomes this after 1640

Front 41

Frederick William the Great Elector

Back 41

Ruler of Prussia 1640-1688 who built a large and powerful army and improved the bureaucracy

Front 42

Frederick III

Back 42

1st king of Prussia 1688-1713 whose title indicated the growing importance of Prussia

Front 43

Austrian Empire

Back 43

Once a number of German principalities in SE Holy Roman Empire that unified under teh Habsburgs in the 1500s and 1600s and became an empire after defeating the Ottoman's and taking their SE European holdings in 1699

Front 44

Leopold I

Back 44

Emperor of Austria 1658-1705 who defeated the Ottomans at Vienna in 1687

Front 45

Treaty of Karlozitz

Back 45

1699 treaty that gave Ottoman lands in SE Europe to Austria thus creating the Austrian Empire

Front 46

Ivan IV (the Terrible)

Back 46

1st Tsar of Russia 1533-1584 who expanded Russia's territory and crushed the Russian nobles - boyars

Front 47

Time of Troubles

Back 47

1598-1613 period in Rissia with no Tsar and much fighting among nobles which ended when the nobles chose Michael Romanov to be new Tsar

Front 48

Romanov Dynasty

Back 48

Royal family of Russia from 1613-1917

Front 49

Russian Orthodox Church

Back 49

An offshoot of Catholicism that was prevelent in Eastern Europe

Front 50

Peter the Great

Back 50

Russian Tsar 1689-1725 whose policy of Europeanization included reorganizing the government, the military, the church and the economy and was designed to make Russia a power

Front 51

Holy Synod

Back 51

Religious office created by Tsar Peter the Great to help him control the church

Front 52

"Window to the West"

Back 52

Peter the Great's city of St Petersburg with a port easily accessible to Europe

Front 53

Battle of Narva

Back 53

1700 loss of Russia under Peter the Great to Charles XII of Sweden

Front 54

Great Northern War

Back 54

1701-1725 Russia eventually beats Sweden and wins it's "window" the city of St Petersburg

Front 55

Battle of Poltava

Back 55

1709 victory by Russia under Peter the Great v. Charles XII of Sweden in Great Northern War

Front 56

Peace of Nystadt

Back 56

Ended Great Northern War and gave much Swedish-controlled land in Baltics to Russia

Front 57

Charles XII

Back 57

Swedish king 1697-1718 who made Sweden powerful until losing to Russia in Great Northern War

Front 58

The Balkans

Back 58

Area in SE Europe controlled by Ottoman Empire & eventually taken by Austria in 1600-1700s

Front 59

Janissaries

Back 59

Fierce Ottoman Empire warriors who'd been born Christian but raised Muslim

Front 60

Sejm

Back 60

The Polish Legistature during the 1600-1700s

Front 61

William of Orange

Back 61

Important leader (Stadholder) in the Dutch Republic during the 1600s

Front 62

James I

Back 62

British King 1603-1625 and first Stuart who took over after Elizabeth I (Tudor) died

Front 63

Puritans

Back 63

English Calvinists who dominated Parliament and objected to James I Episcopal system

Front 64

Charles I

Back 64

British King 1625-1649 whose rejection of Parliament's Petition of Right led to the English Civil War

Front 65

Eleven Years Tyranny

Back 65

1629-1640 time when Parliament was not called into session and Charles I ruled as absolutist

Front 66

Long Parliament

Back 66

1640-1660 period during which Parliament was never dismissed and met continually

Front 67

English civil War

Back 67

1642-1649 Parliament supports (Roundheads) and King Charles I supportors (Cavaliers) fight for control of England

Front 68

Petition of Right

Back 68

1628 Parliament demands right to approve new taxes but Charles ! refuses to sign

Front 69

Cromwell

Back 69

Leader of Roundheads during English Civil War who would eventually establish a dictatorship

Front 70

New Model Army

Back 70

Cromwell's Puritan Army

Front 71

Rump Parliament

Back 71

What was left of Parliament after Cromwell dismissed the MPs that wanted to keep Charles I

Front 72

January 30, 1649

Back 72

Cromwell's Rump Parliament executes Charles I

Front 73

Levellers

Back 73

British who promoted civil freedoms during Cromwell's republic

Front 74

Instrument of Governemnt

Back 74

Cromwells constitution making himself Lord Protector who eventually ruled as a military dictator

Front 75

The Protectorate

Back 75

Term for Cromwell's military dictatorship

Front 76

Restoration

Back 76

1660 Charles II becomes king of England after Cromwell's death and the end of the Protectorate thus restoring the Stuart dynasty to England

Front 77

James II

Back 77

British King 1685-1688 whose Catholic leanings encouraged Parliament to replace him with William and Mary in the Glorious Revolution

Front 78

Glorious Revolution

Back 78

1688-1689 Parliament replace pro-Catholic james II with William and Mary proving that in England Parliament was more powerful than the Monarch

Front 79

Bill of Rights

Back 79

1689 parliament requries William and Mary to sign off on these which granted the right to make laws and levy taxes to parliament

Front 80

Constitutional monarchy

Back 80

Governments in which monarchs must obey laws and can't make them arbitrarily

Front 81

Hobbes

Back 81

English author of "Leviathan" 1651 which supported the idea of a powerful leader to keep people from destroying one another

Front 82

locke

Back 82

English author of "Two Treatises of Government" which supported the idea that people were capable of governing themselves

Front 83

man's "State of Nature"

Back 83

Term used by Hobbes (who belived it was all v. all) and Locke (who belived it was "equal and Free")

Front 84

Natural Rights

Back 84

Locke's term for rights he believed all humans were entitled to (life, liberty, and property)

Front 85

Mannerism

Back 85

Reformation artistic school of the late 1500 early 1600s that stressed intense emotion

Front 86

El Greco

Back 86

Mannerist artist from Greece who worked in Spain

Front 87

Baroque

Back 87

Reformation artistic school of the late 1600s which stressed order and balance, not emotion. Embraces by France because Baroque was associated too much with Frances enemy the Habsburgs

Front 88

Poussin

Back 88

French Classicist Painter

Front 89

Dutch Realism

Back 89

Artistic School of the 1600 and 1700s that focused on realistic portrayal of secular everyday life

Front 90

Rembrandt van Rijn (aka Rembrandt)

Back 90

Greatest Dutch realism painter

Front 91

Shakespeare

Back 91

Greatest British dramastist of the late 1500s early 1600s

Front 92

Lope de Vega

Back 92

Greatest Spanish dramatist of the late 1500 early 1600s