Chap. 1 Soc Psych

Front 1

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett examined the records of teams of cyclists. He found that cyclists who raced against each other _____ than those who raced alone (against the clock).

Back 1

cycled more quickly

Front 2

Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise on rowing machines at gyms, among other people, would be more likely to burn more_____ than people who exercise on the same machines in the privacy of their homes.

Back 2

burn more calories

Front 3

The first social psychological experiments and the publication of the first book to bear the title Social Psychology both occurred around______.

Back 3

1900

Front 4

Although the first social psychological experiments took place around 1900, social psychology did not begin to come into its own as a field until ____.

Back 4

the 1950s and 1960s.

Front 5

Milgram’s famous studies of obedience to authority were motivated by which historical event?

Back 5

The Holocaust

Front 6

When social psychology began to come into its own as a field in the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was divided between________.

Back 6

behaviorism and Freudian psychoanalysis.

Front 7

Behaviorism seeks to explain human behavior in terms of ________.

Back 7

learning principles such as rewards and punishments.

Front 8

Social psychology is best defined as the study of

Back 8

how our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are affected by other people.

Front 9

As a rule, social psychologists are primarily interested in

Back 9

normal adult human beings.

Front 10

In social psychology, the "ABC triad" consists of

Back 10

affects, behaviors and cognitions.

Front 11

In psychology, an "affect" is most similar to

Back 11

an emotion or mood.

Front 12

When psychologists talk about "cognitions," they are typically referring to

Back 12

thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes.

Front 13

When trying to explain a person's behavior, the first place social psychologists tend to look is to

Back 13

the situation the person is in.

Front 14

Most social psychologists perform research by

Back 14

conducting experiments.

Front 15

Which of the following fields is best defined as "the study of human culture—the shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people"?

Back 15

Anthropology

Front 16

Which of the following fields is concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services?

Back 16

Economics

Front 17

Laela is interested in studying how groups of which we are members influence our thinking and behavior. Which other social science (besides social psychology) will Laela’s work MOST closely intersect?

Back 17

Sociology

Front 18

Political science is BEST described as the study of

Back 18

organizations and institutions, especially governments.

Front 19

Although sociologists and social psychologists are both interested in group behavior, sociologists tend to focus on the group as a single unit, whereas social psychologists tend to focus on _____.

Back 19

individual members within the group

Front 20

Within psychology, which type of psychologists typically focus on "abnormal" behavior (e.g., mental disorders and behavioral disorders)?

Back 20

only clinical psychologists

Front 21

Which branch of psychology is primarily concerned with thought processes (e.g., how memory works and what people pay attention to)?

Back 21

Cognitive psychology

Front 22

The study of how people change across their lives from conception to death is the purview of

Back 22

Developmental psychology.

Front 23

According to the textbook, people typically study social psychology because it is fun and interesting, and can

Back 23

help make the world a better place.

Front 24

According to the textbook, "common sense" theories about social psychology are

Back 24

often misleading or contradictory.

Front 25

The first step in the scientific method is to

Back 25

state a problem for study.

Front 26

What is a hypothesis?

Back 26

A testable prediction

Front 27

Social psychologists routinely test research hypotheses using the .05 level of significance. This means that so-called "significant" findings are actually "flukes" about _____ of the time.

Back 27

.05%

Front 28

If you conduct a study and predict that X causes Y, then X is the

Back 28

independent variable.

Front 29

If you conduct a study and predict that A causes B, then B is the

Back 29

dependent variable.

Front 30

In the context of research, an operational definition of a variable is a precise description of

Back 30

how the variable will be defined (i.e., how it will be manipulated or measured).

Front 31

A(n) _____ is someone who works for a researcher by serving as an "actor" in the research (e.g., pretending to be another research participant, and being mean to other research participants in order to see how participants respond to meanness).

Back 31

confederate

Front 32

Researchers tend to use quasi-experimental research designs when they are able to manipulate an independent variable but NOT able to

Back 32

use random assignment.

Front 33

What is the main advantage of an experiment over a correlational study?

Back 33

The researcher is better able to draw conclusions about cause and effect.

Front 34

When a researcher conducts an experiment and is fairly certain that changes in the independent variable caused changes in the dependent variable, that experiment is said to be high in

Back 34

internal validity.

Front 35

When the effects of two variables cannot be separated,_____has been said to occur.

Back 35

confounding

Front 36

When experiments are conducted outside of the laboratory, in real-world settings, they are called

Back 36

field experiments.

Front 37

When findings from a study are likely to generalize to other people and other settings, the study is said to have

Back 37

external validity.

Front 38

The main weakness with correlational research (as opposed to experimental research) is that

Back 38

researchers cannot draw conclusions about cause and effect.

Front 39

Replication refers to

Back 39

repeating an experiment to see if the same results can be obtained..