Chap. 1, 2, 3

Front 1

Kinesiology

Back 1

The study of movement

Front 2

Biomechanics

Back 2

Mechanical principles that relate directly to the human body

Front 3

Kinetics

Back 3

Forces causing movement

Front 4

Kinematics

Back 4

the time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system

Front 5

Anatomical Position

Back 5

Standing in an upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of the body with the palms facing forward.

Front 6

Fundamental Position

Back 6

Same as anatomical, but the palms are facing the sides of the body.

Front 7

Medial

Back 7

A location or position toward the midline

Front 8

Lateral

Back 8

Location or position farther from the midline

Front 9

Anterior/Ventral

Back 9

The front of the body or to a position closer to the front

Front 10

Posterior/Dorsal

Back 10

The back of the body or a position more toward the back

Front 11

Distal

Back 11

Away from the trunk

Front 12

Proximal

Back 12

Towards the trunk

Front 13

Superior

Back 13

Used to indicate the location of a body part that is above another or to refer to the upper surface of and organ or structure.

Front 14

Inferior

Back 14

Indicates that a body part is below another or refers to the lower surface of an organ or structure.

Front 15

Cranial

Back 15

A position or structure close to the head.

Front 16

Caudal

Back 16

A position of structure close to the feet.

Front 17

Superficial/Deep

Back 17

A structures depth.

Front 18

Supine

Back 18

Lying straight, with the face, or anterior surface pointed upward.

Front 19

Prone

Back 19

position is horizontal with the face, anterior surface, pointed downward

Front 20

Bilateral

Back 20

Two or both sides

Front 21

Contralateral

Back 21

The opposite side

Front 22

Ipsilateral

Back 22

Same side

Front 23

Thorax

Back 23

Chest, ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertabrae

Front 24

Abdomen

Back 24

Lower trunk, pelvis, stomach, lumbar vertabrae

Front 25

Rectilinear Motion

Back 25

Movement that occurs in a straight line

Front 26

Curvilinear Motion

Back 26

Movement that occurs in a curved path that isn't necessarily circular

Front 27

Angular Motion

Back 27

Movement of an object around a fixed point

Front 28

Osteokinematics

Back 28

Deals with the relationship of the movement of bones around a joint axis

Front 29

Arthrokinematics

Back 29

The relationship of joint surface movement

Front 30

Flexion

Back 30

The bending movement of one bone on the other, bring the two segments together and increasing the joint angle

Front 31

Extension

Back 31

The straightening movement of one bone away from another, causing an increase in the joint angle.

Front 32

Hyperextension

Back 32

The continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position

Front 33

Palmar flexion

Back 33

flexion at the wrist

Front 34

Plantar flexion

Back 34

flexion at the foot

Front 35

Abduction

Back 35

Movement away from the midline of the body

Front 36

Adduction

Back 36

Movement toward the midline

Front 37

Horizontal Abduction

Back 37

Shoulder movement backward

Front 38

Horizontal Adduction

Back 38

Shoulder movement forward

Front 39

Radial deviation

Back 39

When the hand moves laterally toward the thumb side

Front 40

Ulnar deviaition

Back 40

When the hand moves medially from the anatomical position toward the pinky side of the wrist

Front 41

Lateral bending

Back 41

When the trunk moves sideways. Right or Left.

Front 42

Circumduction

Back 42

motion that describes a circular, con shaped pattern. Involves a combo of 4 joint motions. Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction.

Front 43

Medial Rotation

Back 43

If anterior surface rolls inward toward the midline

Front 44

Lateral Rotation

Back 44

If ant. surface rolls outward, away from the midline

Front 45

Inversion

Back 45

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

Front 46

Everison

Back 46

Moving the sole outward.

Front 47

Protraction

Back 47

Shoulder "pushes" forward away from midline

Front 48

Retraction

Back 48

Shoulder moves toward midline

Front 49

Axial Skeleton (80 bones)

Back 49

forms the upright part of the body. Head, thorax, and trunk.

Front 50

Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)

Back 50

Attaches to the axial skeleton. Extremities.

Front 51

Compact bone

Back 51

Makes up hard, dense, outer shell

Front 52

Cancellous bone

Back 52

Porous, spongy inside

Front 53

Epiphyseal Plate

Back 53

Longitudinal growth occurs here through the manufacturing of new bone

Front 54

Diaphysis

Back 54

Main shaft of the bone

Front 55

Medullary Canal

Back 55

Hollow center that decreases the weight. Passage.

Front 56

Endosteum

Back 56

Membrane that lines the medullary canal.

Front 57

Osteoclasts

Back 57

Responsible for bone resorption

Front 58

Metaphysis

Back 58

The flared part at each end of the diaphysis

Front 59

Periosteum

Back 59

The thin fibrous membrane covering all of the bone except the articular surfaces that are covered with hyaline cartilage

Front 60

Pressure Epiphysis

Back 60

located at the end of long bones where they receive pressure from the opposing bone making up that joint. This is where growth of long bone occurs

Front 61

Traction Epiphysis

Back 61

Located where tendons attach to bones and are subject to a pulling, or traction, force.

Front 62

Long Bones

Back 62

Length is greater than their width

Front 63

Short Bones

Back 63

Equal dimensions, cube shape

Front 64

Flat bones

Back 64

Very broad surface, but not very thick

Front 65

Irregular bones

Back 65

Variety of mixed shapes

Front 66

Sesamoid bones

Back 66

Sesame seed shape, small bones located where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the extremities.

Front 67

Osteoporosis

Back 67

A condition characterized by loss of normal bone density, mass.

Front 68

Osteomylatis

Back 68

And infection of the bone caused by bacteria

Front 69

Legg-Calve Perthes Disease and Slipped femoral capital epiphysis

Back 69

B/c the epiphysis of a growinf bone is not firmly attached the to diaphysis it can slip or become misshapen. The proximal head of the femur is a common site for problems at the pressure epiphysis.

Front 70

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Back 70

A common condition at the traction epiphysis of the tibial tuberosity in children whose bones are still growing.

Front 71

Fibrous joint

Back 71

Has a thin layer of fibrous periosteum between the two bones as in the sutures of the skull.

Front 72

Synarthrosis

Back 72

Suture joint, no motion

Front 73

Syndesmosis

Back 73

Ligamentous joint, small amount of twisting or stretching

Front 74

Gomphosis

Back 74

This joint occurs between a tooth and the wall of its dental socket in the mandible and maxilla

Front 75

Cartilaginous Joint

Back 75

Has either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones.

Front 76

Carti. joints also called Amphiarthrodial Joints

Back 76

They allow a small amount of motion, such as bending or twisting, and some compression.

Front 77

Synovial Joint

Back 77

has no direct union between the bones ends. In synovial fluid.

Front 78

Synovial joint also called Diarthroidial Joint

Back 78

Allows free motion

Front 79

Nonaxial Joint

Back 79

Movement tends to be linear instead of angular

Front 80

Plane Joint

Back 80

The joint surfaces are relatively flat and and glide over one another instead of one moving around the other

Front 81

Uniaxial Joint

Back 81

Has an angular motion occurring in one plane around one axis, much like a hinge; hinge joint. Pivot joint.

Front 82

Biaxial Joint Motion

Back 82

Found at the wrist occurs in two different directions. Flexion and extension occur around the frontal axis, and radial and ulnar deviation occur around the sagittal axis. Occur at the MCP called Condyloid joints b/c of shape.

Front 83

Saddle Joint

Back 83

Thumb; fit together like a horseback rider on a saddle.

Front 84

Triaxial Joint

Back 84

Occurs actively in all three axes, allows more motion than any other type of joint. Ball and Socket joint, in the hip the ball shaped femoral head fits into the concave socket of the acetabulum.

Front 85

Ligaments

Back 85

Bands of fibrous connective tissue

Front 86

Capsule

Back 86

Every synovial joint has a capsule that surrounds and encases the joint and protects the articular surfaces of the bones

Front 87

Caritlage

Back 87

a dense, fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great amounts of pressure and tension.

Front 88

Hyaline Cartilage/Articular

Back 88

covers the ends of opposing bones

Front 89

Fibrocartilage

Back 89

acts as a shock absorber

Front 90

Menisci

Back 90

At the knee, the semilunar-shaped cartilage called menisci build up the sides of the relatively flat articular surface of the tibia

Front 91

Intervertebral Disks

Back 91

lie between the vertebral bones

Front 92

Labrum

Back 92

The shoulder fibrocartilage deepens the shallow gelnoid fossa, making it more of a socket to hold the femoral head

Front 93

Elastic Cartilage

Back 93

Designed to help maintain a structures shape

Front 94

Tendon

Back 94

Used to connect muscle to a bone

Front 95

Tendon sheaths

Back 95

A fibrous sleeve that surround a tendon when it is subject to pressure or frictions

Front 96

Aponeurosis

Back 96

A broad, flat, tendinous sheath

Front 97

Linea Alba

Back 97

As the abdominal muscles approach the midline from both sides, they attach to an aponeurosis called the linea alba

Front 98

Bursae

Back 98

Small, padlike sacs found around most joints.

Front 99

Sagittal Plane

Back 99

passes through the body from front to back and divides the body into right and left parts.

Front 100

Frontal Plane

Back 100

passes through the body from side to side and divides the body into front and back parts.

Front 101

Transverse Plane

Back 101

passes through the body horizontally and divides the body into top and bottom parts

Front 102

Center of Gravity

Back 102

The point where the three cardinal planes intersect eachother

Front 103

Sagittal axis

Back 103

Is a point that runs through a joint from front to back

Front 104

Frontal Axis

Back 104

runs through a joint from side to side

Front 105

Vertical Axis

Back 105

runs through a joint from top to bottom

Front 106

Dislocation

Back 106

refers to the complete separation of the two articular surfaces of a joint

Front 107

Sublaxation

Back 107

A partial dislocation of a joint, usually occurs over a period of time

Front 108

Osteroarthritis

Back 108

that type of arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage of one or more joints

Front 109

Sprains

Back 109

a partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

Front 110

Strain

Back 110

refers to the over stretching of muscle fibers

Front 111

Tendonitis

Back 111

an inflammation of a tendon

Front 112

Synovitis

Back 112

an inflammation of the synovial membrane

Front 113

Tenosynovitis

Back 113

an inflammation of the tendon sheath, and is often caused by repetitive use

Front 114

Bursitis

Back 114

an inflammation of the bursa

Front 115

Capsulitis

Back 115

an inflammation of the joint capsule