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203 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
prote/o
|
protein
|
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sial/o
|
saliva, salivary
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steat/o
|
fat
|
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or/o
|
mouth
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palat/o
|
palate
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pancreat/o
|
pancreas
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proct/o
|
anus and rectum
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pylor/o
|
pyloric sphincter
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rect/o
|
rectum
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sialaden/o
|
salivary gland
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sigmoid/o
|
sigmoid colon
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labi/o
|
lip
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lapar/o
|
abdomen
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mandibul/o
|
lower jaw; mandible
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odont/o
|
tooth
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faci/o
|
face
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gastr/o
|
stomach
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gingiv/o
|
gum
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ile/o
|
ileum
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jejun/o
|
jejunum
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esaphag/o
|
esophagus
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parenteral
|
pertaining to other than the intestines
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mesentery
|
membranes that hold the intestines in place.
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append/o
|
appendix
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appendic/o
|
appendix
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bucc/o
|
cheek
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cec/o
|
cecum
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celi/o
|
belly, abdomen
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cheil/o
|
up
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cholecyst/o
|
gallbladder
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choledoch/o
|
common bile duct
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col/o
|
colon; large intestine
|
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colon/o
|
colon
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dent/i
|
tooth
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duoden/o
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duodenum
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an/o
|
anus
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villi
|
microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
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uvula
|
soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth.
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triglycerides
|
large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol.
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stomach
|
-muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
-made of three parts: 1. fundus (proximal section) 2. body (middle section) 3. antrum (distal section) |
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sphincter
|
ring of muscle fibers that consticts a passage or closes a natural opening.
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sigmoid colon
|
lower part of the colon
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salivary glands
|
1. Parotid
2. Sublingual 3. Submandibular |
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saliva
|
digestive fluid produced by salivary glands.
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rugae
|
ridges on the hard palate, and the wall of the stomach
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rectum
|
last section of the colon.
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach where it joins the duodenum
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pulp
|
soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
|
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protease
|
enzymes that digest protein.
|
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portal vein
|
large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.
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pharynx
|
throat; the common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose.
|
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peristalsis
|
rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and other tubular structures.
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parotid gland
|
salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
|
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papillae
|
-small elevations of the tongue.
-papilla is a nipple like elevation. |
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pancreas
|
organ under the stomach that produces insulin and enzymes.
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amylase
|
enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
|
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amino acids
|
building blocks of proteins, and produced when proteins are digested.
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absorbtion
|
passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream.
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anus
|
opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.
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appendix
|
blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ)
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bile
|
-digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
-composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts. |
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bilirubin
|
pigment released by the liver in bile.
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bowel
|
intestine
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cecum
|
first part of the large intestine.
|
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colon
|
-large intestine.
(cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, and rectum) |
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common bile duct
|
carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
|
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defecation
|
expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus.
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deglutition
|
swallowing
|
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digestion
|
breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.
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duodenum
|
-first part of the small intestine.
-duo=2, den=10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long. |
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elimination
|
removal of waste material from the body.
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emulsification
|
physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest fat.
|
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enzyme
|
-a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.
-digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods. |
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esophagus
|
tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
|
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fatty acids
|
substances produced when fats are digested.
|
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feces
|
solid wastes; stools
|
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gallbladder
|
small sac under the liver; stores bile
|
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glucose
|
simple sugar
|
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glycogen
|
-starch
-glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells. |
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hydrochloric acid
|
-produced by the stomach
-necessary for the digestion of food. |
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ileum
|
third part of the small intestine
|
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insulin
|
hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas.
|
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jejunum
|
second part of the small intestine
|
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lipase
|
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
|
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liver
|
-large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen.
-secretes bile, stores sugar, iron, and vitamins. -produces blood proteins. -destroys wornout red blood cells. |
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lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
|
-ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach.
-also known as the cardiac sphincter. |
|
mastication
|
chewing
|
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eti/o
|
cause
|
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idi/o
|
unknown
|
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canine teeth
|
pointed dog-like teeth, also known as cuspids or eye teeth.
|
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dentin
|
major tissue composing teeth, covered by enamel in the crown, and a protective layer of cementum in the root.
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enamel
|
hard, outermost layer of a tooth.
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incisor
|
one of four teeth in the dental arch.
|
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molar teeth
|
6th, 7th, and 8th tooth from the middle on either side of the dental arch.
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palate
|
-roof of the mouth.
-hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate. |
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T tube
|
tube placed in the biliary tract for drainage.
|
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TPN
|
Total Parenteral Nutrition
|
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SGOT
SGPT |
enzyme tests of liver function
|
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PUD
|
Peptic Ulcer Disease
|
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PTHC
|
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
|
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PEJ tube
|
Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy tube
(feeding tube) |
|
PEG tube
|
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy tube
|
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NG tube
|
Nasogastric tube
|
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MRI
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|
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LFTs
|
Liver Function Tests
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IBD
|
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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HBV
|
hepatitis B virus
|
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GI
|
gastrointestinal
|
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GERD
|
gastroesophageal reflux disease
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GB
|
gallbladder
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ERCP
|
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
|
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EGD
|
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
|
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CT scan
|
Computed Tomography
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BM
|
Bowel Movement
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BRBPR
|
Bright Red Blood Per Rectum
hematochezia |
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BE
|
Barium Enima
|
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ALT
AST |
Analine Transaminase
Aspartate Transaminase (enzyme tests of liver function) |
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alk phos
|
alkaline phosphate
|
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paracentesis
(abdominocentesis) |
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen.
|
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nasogastric intubation
|
insertion of a tube through the nose to the stomach.
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liver biopsy
|
removal of liver tissue followed by microscopic visualization.
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gastrointestinal endoscopy
|
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope.
|
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gastric bypass
|
reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunum.
(gastrojejunostomy) |
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liver scan
|
image of the liver after injecting radioactive material into the blood stream.
|
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
|
magnetic and radio waves used to produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.
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abdominal ultrasonography
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sound waves beamed into the abdomen.
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computed tomography
(CT, CT Scan, or CAT Scan) |
x-ray series showing cross-sectional images of internal organs.
|
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cholangiography
|
x-ray examination of the biliary system after injecting contrast into the bile ducts.
process of recording bile vessels. |
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upper gastrointestinal series
|
x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after administering barium by mouth.
|
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lower gastrointestinal series
(barium enima) |
x-ray images of the colon and rectum after injecting barium into the rectum.
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stool guaiac or hemoccult test
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detection of blood in feces.
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stool culture
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test for microorganisms present in stool.
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liver function tests (LFT's)
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tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in serum.
|
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-tresia
|
opening
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-stenosis
|
tightning; stricture
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-stasis
|
to stop; control
|
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-spasm
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sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles.
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-rrhea
|
flow, discharge
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-rrhaphy
|
suture
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-rrhage
-rrhagia |
bursting forth (of blood)
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-ptysis
|
spitting
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-ptosis
|
prolapse, fall, sag
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-plasty
|
surgical repair
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-phagia
|
eating, swallowing
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-pepsia
|
digestion
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-lysis
|
destruction, breakdown, seperation
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-emesis
|
vomiting
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-ectasis
-ectasia |
stretching; dilation
|
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viral hepatitis
|
inflamation of the liver caused by a virus.
|
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pancreatitis
|
inflammation of the pancreas
|
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cirrhosis
|
chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
|
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cholelithiasis
|
gallstones in the bladder
|
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volvulus
|
twisting of the intestine upon itself.
|
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ulcerative colitis
|
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
|
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
|
group of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms associated with stress and tension.
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intussusception
|
telescoping of the intestines.
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ileus
|
failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines.
|
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hemorrhoids
|
swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.
|
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dysentery
|
painful, inflammed intestines.
|
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diverticulosis
|
abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall.
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Crohn Disease
|
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.
|
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colorectal cancer
|
adencarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.
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colonic polyposis
|
polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.
|
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anal fistula
|
abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.
|
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peptic ulcer
|
open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum.
|
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hernia
|
protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it.
|
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
|
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
|
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gastric carcinoma
|
malignant tumor of the stomach
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esophageal varices
|
swollen, varicose veins in the distal portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach.
|
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achalasia
|
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax.
|
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periodontal disease
|
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding gums.
|
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oral leukoplakia
|
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.
|
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herpetic stomatitis
|
inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus.
|
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dental caries
|
tooth decay
|
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aphthous stomatitis
|
inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers (canker sores).
|
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steatorrhea
|
fat in the feces; foul smelling, frothy, fecal matter.
|
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nausea
|
unpleasant sensation on the stomach, and a tendancy to vomit.
|
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melena
|
-black tarry stools.
-feces containing digested blood. |
|
jaundice
|
yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
|
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hematochezia
|
passage of bright, fresh red blood from the rectum.
|
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flatus
|
gas expelled through the anus.
|
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eructation
|
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.
|
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dysphagia
|
difficulty swallowing.
|
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diarrhea
|
frequent passage of loose watery stools.
|
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constipation
|
difficulty passing stools (feces)
|
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borborygmus
|
rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastroinstestinal tract.
|
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ascites
|
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
|
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anorexia
|
lack of appetite
|
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-prandial
|
meal
|
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-iasis
|
abnormal condition
|
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-chezia
|
defecation, elimination of wastes.
|
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-ase
|
enzyme
|
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stomat/o
|
mouth
|
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amyl/o
|
starch
|
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bil/i
|
gall; bile
|
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bilirubin/o
|
bilirubin (bile pigment)
|
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chol/e
|
gall; bile
|
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chlorhydr/o
|
hydrochloric acid
|
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gluc/o
|
sugar
|
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glyc/o
|
sugar
|
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glycogen/o
|
glycogen; animal starch.
|
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lip/o
|
fat; lipid
|
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lith/o
|
stone
|