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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Natural Gas(use)
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Heating (theres alot of it)
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Natural Gas(extraction)
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similar to oil
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Natural Gas(spill)
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Doesn't spill but can EXPLODE
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Natural Gas(Releases)
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CO2, burns cleaner than oil
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Natural Gas(energy)
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Highest energy per mole of CO2 released
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Coal
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Forms burial of land plants
Primary modern use(generation of electricity) |
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Peat(low heat)
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decayed plant matter in swamps and bogs
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Lignite(low heat,low sulfer)
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limited supply
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Bituminous Coal(high heat,high sulfer)
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extensively used as fuel
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Anthrarite(high heat, low sulfer)
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highly desirable fuel, but limited supply
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How to extract coal?
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Strip mining
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Risks of coal miners
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Black lung disease
collapse explosions (natural gas) |
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Acid deposition(acid rain)
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sulfer oxides->sulfer acid again
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Carbon dioxide
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coal releases more CO2 per heat unit than ANY other FOSSIL FUEL
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Issues related to the use of fossil fuels
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oil is more concentrated than coal, burns cleaner, and is easily transported through pipe lines.
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Renewable Energy(12.7%)
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Biomass(wood, animal waste, energy plantations, solid waste)
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Hydropower
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Water power, generated by DAMS
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Solar Energy
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Free, intermittent and diffuse, perpetual resource
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3 ways to use solar energy
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1)passive solar
2)active solar 3)solar-generated electricity |
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If you were designing a house that would rely on passive solar for heating, you would also consider planting
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Deciduous trees
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Active Solar
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needs solar PUMP, PIPES, COLLECTOR
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Photovoltaics
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Solar energy
low voltage, DC current store energy using batteries low environmental impact |
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solar energy
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causes electrons to move electricity
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semiconductors
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silicon
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Wind Energy
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Currently 1% of electricity in U.S.
Pros:no emissions Cons:noise, birds |
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Solid Waste
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Works where landfill costs are high, Germany, Japan, US(15%)
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How to we get energy from biomass
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1)Direct Combustion
2)Make Biofuels 3)Anaerobic digestion |
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Leaders in Geothermal Power
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Iceland,Italy, Mexico, Japan, New Zealand, Indonesia
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Geothermal Energy
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Less than 1% of total electricity consumption in the U.S.
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Ocean Energy(waves)
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related to wind, technology not established
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Ocean Energy(ocean thermal)
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surface warm, deep waters cold
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Ocean Energy(Tides)
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not derived from the sun, need high tidal range
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Where does the energy ultimately come from that drives wind power and hydropower?
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The Sun
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Energy Efficiency
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Energy out/energy in X 100%
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Lifecycle cost(includes)
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initial price, cost to operate, lifespan
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Radioactive Decay
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some isotopes of various elements are unstable and decompose
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Radioactive Decay
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Decay releases ionizing radiation
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Ionizing Radiation
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can damage DNA or other important molecules in cells
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Ionizing Radiation (damage limiting)
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time of exposure, distance from source, shielding
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How do we get nuclear energy?
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nuclear fission, chain reaction
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Nuclear Energy
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16% of the worlds electricity
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what is an ECOSYSTEM?
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Biotic, Abiotic,Energy(sun)
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Limiting factors
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Temp range
water Light nutrients humidity milkweed! |
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Tempature is a limiting factor for
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reptiles
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Habitat
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place where an organism lives
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Niche(Role)
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what the ORGANISM does to AFFECT others in its ecosystem
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Niche (Dandelion)
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reproduces alot, moves into disturbed areas, provides food and nectar
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Genes
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DNA. Each individual has its own
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Population
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All the organisms of SAME KIND found withing a specific REGION
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Species
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Population of all organisms capable of reproducing naturally
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Natural Selection
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determines which individuals within a species reproduce
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Evolution
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the changes seen in the genes and characteristics displayed by successive generations of a population of organisms over TIME.
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hHow does natural selection work?
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1)genetic variation within a species
2)lots of offspring, many of which die 3)excess # of indviduals cause a shortage of resources 4)some have better abilites to obtain resources |
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Effects of Evolution over long periods
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Speciation
Extinction |
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Speciation
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development of new species
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Extinction
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biotic factors(competition)
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Extinction
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Extrinsic factors(climate, oceanographic events, tectonic events)
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