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169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
agglutination
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the clumping together of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins
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albumin
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a plasma protein
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allergen
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a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body
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allergy
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a hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental
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anaphylaxis
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an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen
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anisocytosis
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an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable an dabnormal size
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antibodies
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substance produced by the body in response to bateria, viruses or other foreign substances.
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ascites
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an abnormal intraperitonealaccumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and elecrolytes
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basophil
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a granulocytic white bloodcell characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye
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bilirubin
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the orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principallyby the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span
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coagulation
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the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood
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corpuscle
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any cell of the body
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differentiaion
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a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms
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dyscrasia
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an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia
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edema
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues
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electrophoresis
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the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field
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enzyme
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organic substance tha tinitiates and accelerates a chemical reation
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eosinophil
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granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers
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erythremia
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abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
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erythroblast
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immature red blood cell
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erythrocyte
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mature blood cell
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erythropoiesis
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process of red blood cell production
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erythropoietin
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a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstreamin response to anoxia
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fibrin
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stringy imsoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot
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fibrinogen
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plasma protein that is converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions
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globin
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a group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin
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globulin
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plasma protein made in the liver.
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granulocytes
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types of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic gramules
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hematologist
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medical specialist in the field of hematology
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hematology
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scientific study of a bolld and blood-forming tissues
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heme
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pigmented, iron-contining nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule
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hemoglobin
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complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to teh cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away form the cells to the lungs
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hemolysis
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the breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin the occures normally at the end of the life span of a red cell
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hemorrhage
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loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time externally or internally
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hemostasis
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termination of bleeding by mechanical or chamical means or by hte complex coagulation process of the body
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heparin
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naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body
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hyperalbuminemia
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increased level of albumin in the blood
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hyperlipemia
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excessive level of blood fats
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hyperbilirubinemia
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greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment bilirubin in the blood
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leukocyte
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a white blood cell
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leukocytopenia
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abnomal decreasee in the number of white blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter
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megakaryoncyte
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extremely large bone marrow cell
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monocyte
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large nononuclear leukocyte
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myeloid
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of or pertaining to teh bone marrow or the spinal cord
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neutrophil
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a polymorphnuclear granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes
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pancytopenia
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marked reduction in the number of the red, white blood cells, platelets
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plasma
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watery gluid portion of the lymph an dthe blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended
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platelet,
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clotting cell; thrombocyte
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prothromin
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plasma protein precursor of thrombin
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reticulocyte
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immature erythrocyte characterized by mechlike pattern of threads and particles at the former site of the nucleus
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septicemia
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systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spreadfrom an infection in any part of the body
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serovonversion
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a change in serlolgic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine
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serology
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the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen
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serum
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clear, thin, sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation
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splenomegaly
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abnormal enlargement of the spleen
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stem cell
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a formative cell
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thrombin
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an enzyme formed from prothrombin calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process
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thrombocyte
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a clotting cell
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thrombocytopenia
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abnomal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced
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thromboplastin
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a complex substance the initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion
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thrombus
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a clot
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agglutin
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to clump
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aniso
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unequal
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bas
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base
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blast
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embryonic stage of development
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chrom
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color
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coagul
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clotting
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cyt
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cell
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-emia
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blood condition
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eosin
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re, rosy
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erythr
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red
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-globin
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containing protein
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hem
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blood
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hemat
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blood
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is
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equal
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kary
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nucleus
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leuk
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white
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-lytic
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destruction
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mono
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one
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norph
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form, shape
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myel
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bone marrow or spinal cord
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nucle
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nucleus
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-oid
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resembling
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-osis
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condition
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-penia
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decrease in; deficiency
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-phage
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to eat
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phag
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to eat
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-philia
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attraction to
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phoresis
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transmission
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-poiesis
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formation
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poikil
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varied; irregular
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sider
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iron
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spher
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round; sphere
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-stasis
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stopping or controllin
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thromb
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clot
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anemia
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a condition in which there is a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells because of a decrease in the quantity of hemoglobin or red blood cells
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hemolytic anemia
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extreve reduction in circulating RBC due to their destruction
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pernicious anemia
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a deficiency of mature RBC and the formation an dcirculation of megaloblasts
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sickle cell, anemia
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a chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBC become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration
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granulocytosis
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abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety of inflammation or infection
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hemochromatosis
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a rare iron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually as a complication of one of the hemolytic anemias
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hemophilia
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involves different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factorsresulting in prolonged bleeding times
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leukemia
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excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBC in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia
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multiple myeloma
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a malignant plasma cell neoplasm
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polycythemia vera
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an abnormal increase in the number of RBC
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purpura
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a collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations
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thalassemia
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a hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBC
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direct antiglobulin test
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used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibdies present in theblood of an Rh negative woman.
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bleeding time
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measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop
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blood transfusion
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and administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to relace blood lost
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bone marrow biopsy
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microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue
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complete blood cell count
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series of test performed on peripheral blood
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erythrocyte sedimentation
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(ESR) a test performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which RBC settle out in a tube of unclotted blood
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hematocrit
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an assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume
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hemoglobin test
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concentration measurement of th ehemoglobin in the peripheral blood
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lipid profile
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measure the lipids in the blood
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partial thromboplastin
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a bolld test used to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body
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platelet count
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the count of platelets per cubic mm of blood
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prothrombin time
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(PT) is a blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation
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RBC
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the measurement of thecirculating number of RBC in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood
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red blood cell morphology
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an examination of the RBC on a stained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify the form and shape of the RBC
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reticulocyte count
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a measurement of thenumber of circulating immature erythrocytes in a blood specimen
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rouleaux
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an aggregation of RBC viewed through the microscope that may be an artifact
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schilling test
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analysis for pernicious anemia
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WBC count
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measurement of the corculatin number of WBC in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood
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WBC differential
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a measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBC present in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood
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acquired immunity
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immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent
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adenoids
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masses of lymphatic tissue located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx (pharyngeal tonsils)
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edema
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accumulation of fluid within the tissue spaces
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hypersensitivity
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abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus
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immune reaction
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a defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies
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immunity
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the state of being resistant to or protected from a disease
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immunization
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process of creatin immunity to a specific disease
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local reaction
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a reaction to treatment that occures at the site where it was administered
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lymph
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interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic capillaries and eventually returned to the blood
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lymphadenopathy
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any disorder of thelymph nodes or lyph vessels
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lymphocyte
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small, agranulocytic leukocytes, originating from fetal stem celld and developing in the bone marrow
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macrophage
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any phagocytic cell involoved in the defense against infection in the disposal of the products of the breakdown of cells
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natural immunity
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immunity with which we are born; also genetic immunity
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pathogens
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disease producing microorganisms
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phagocytosis
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the process of a cell engulfing a destroying bacteria
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resistance
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the body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents
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susceptible
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a state of having a lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents
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T cells
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cells that te important in the immune responce, they mature in the thymus
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tonsils
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masses of lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring, just under teh mucous membrane, surrounding the mouth and back of the throat
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cyt
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cell
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hyper
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excessive
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immun
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immune protection
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lymph
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lymph
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lymphaden
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lymph gland
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lymphangi
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lymphvessel
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mon
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one
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sarc
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flesh
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acquired immunodeficiency syndromw
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(AIDS) involves clinical conditions that destroy the body's immune system in the last or final phase of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
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cytomegalovirus
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a large species-specific, herpes-type virus with a wide variety of disease effects
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hypersensitivity
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tissue damage resulting from exaggerated immune responses
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hypersplenism
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a syndrome involfing a deficiency of one or more types of blood cells and an enlarged spleen
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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a locally destructive malignant neoplams of the blood vessels associated with aids typically foming lesions on the skin, visceral organs, or mucous membranes.
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lymphoma
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a lymphoid tissue noeplasm that is typically malignant
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mononucleosis
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typicallly is a bening, self-limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes
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myasthenia gravis
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an autoimmune disease in which antibodies blodk or destroy some acetylcholine receptor sites
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pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
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is caused by a common worldwide parasite
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sarcoidosis
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a systemic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of multiple small, round lesions in the lungs
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systemic lupus
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an inflammatory connective tissue disease
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tuberculosis
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an infectious disease, primarily affecting the lungs
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enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
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a bolld test used for screening for an antibody to the aids virus
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western blot
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test detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV the virus that causes AIDS
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CT (CAT) scan
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a collection of x-ray images taken from various angles following injection of a contrast medium
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lymphangiogram
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an x-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the hand or foot
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