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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway?
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Cellular Respiration
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How is Cellular Respiration like Combustion?
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CH + O2 » CO2 + H20
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How much energy (kcal) does 1 mole of Glucose produce?
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686 kcal
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What is the term used for the transfer of a phospate group from ATP to another compound?
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Phosphorylation
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When do Redox reactions release energy?
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When electrons move closer to electronegative atoms.
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What is the energy stored in food molecules used for?
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Synthesis ATP
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What are electron transfers called?
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Redox Reactions
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When a substance loses electrons we say that it is?
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Oxidized
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When a substance gains electrons we say that it is?
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Reduced
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A substance that donates electrons is said to be a ?
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Reducing Agent
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A substance that loses electrons is said to be a ?
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Oxidizing Agent
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What does ATP phosphorylate during active transport?
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Specific Membrane Proteins
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What does ATP phosphorylate during mechanical work?
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Motor Proteins
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What does ATP phosphorylate during chemical work?
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Reactants
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What must be added to pull an electron away from an atom?
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Energy
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What is oxidized and reduced in Cellular Respiration?
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Glucose oxidized
Oxygen reduced |
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Where are hydrogen atoms stripped from glucose go first?
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NAD+
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What does each NADH molecule formed during respiration represent?
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Stored Energy
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What is the purpose/function of the electron transport chain?
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Break the fall of electrons to oxygen into several energy releasing steps
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What type of reaction is electron transfer from NADH to O2?
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Exergonic
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Endogonic or Exogonic
p. 159 |
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What downhill route do most electrons travel during cellular respiration?
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Food » NADH » Electron Transport Chain » O2
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Arrange in order:
Electron Transport Chain Food O2 NADH |
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What is the beginning reactant and ending product of Glycolysis?
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Glucose
Pyruvate |
p. 160
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Where does Glycolysis take place?
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Cytosol
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Where does the Kreb Cycle take place?
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Mitochondrial Matrix
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What is the beginning reactant and ending product of the Kreb Cycle?
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Pyruvate & CO2
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What is the mode of ATP synthesis used to power redox reactions that transfer electrons from food to oxygen?
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
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p.160
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Where in the cell does the electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation take place?
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Mitochondrian's inner membrane
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p.160
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What generates almost 90% of ATP in respiration?
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Oxidate Phosphorylation
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What are the 2 modes of ATP synthesis used in respiration?
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Oxidative and Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
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What type of ATP synthesis occurs when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP?
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Substrate-level phosporylation
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p.160
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How much ATP is made when Glucose is degraded to CO2?
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38
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What is the net total of ATP in the first phase of Glycolysis?
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- 2 ATP
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p.161
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What is the net total energy in the second phase of Glycolysis?
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+ 4 ATP & 2 NADH
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When O2 is present in Glycolysis, _____ is converted to ATP by ?
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NADH; Electron Transport Chain
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p.161
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What stage in Respiration completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules?
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The Kreb Cycle
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What enters the Mitochondria during the Kreb Cycle?
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2 Pyruvates
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p.161
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What part of the cell does Pyruvate enter?
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Mitochondrion
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During what stage is CO2 first released?
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The No Name Step
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What is the net total energy yield from the No Name Step?
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2 NADH x 3 ATP = 6 ATP
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p.169
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By what mode(s) does Glycolysis and The Kreb Cycle synthesis ATP?
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All substrate-level phosphorylation
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p.164
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What transfers the electrons removed during Glycolysis and The Kreb Cycle to the Electon Transport Chain?
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NADH
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What is the net total energy generated from the Kreb Cycle?
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2 x ATP
6 x NADH x 3 = 18 ATP 2 x FADH2 x 2 = 4 ATP |
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How many NADH reduce 1 x O2 molecules to 2 x H20?
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2
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p.166
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What enzyme makes ATP from ADP and Pi?
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ATP Synthase
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p.167
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What powers the ATP Synthase?
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The difference in H+ on the opposite sides of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane.
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p.167
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Chemiosmosis couples what 2 mechanisms?
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Electron Transport Chain to ATP Synthesis
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p.168
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What kingdom(s) and organelles do ATP Synthase reside?
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Eukaryotes: Mitochondria and Chlorplasts
Prokaryotes: PM |
p.167
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How much ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation?
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34
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p.169
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How many ATP's are produced per molecule of Glucose?
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38
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p.169
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How much energy (kcal) are stored in 1 mole of ATP?
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7.3 kcal
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What is the efficiency of respiration?
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40% with 60% heat loss
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p.170
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What other metabolic process enables cells to produce ATP?
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Fermentation
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p.170
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What does Glycolysis oxidize Glucose to?
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2 x Pyruvate
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p.170
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What is the oxidizing agent of Glycolysis?
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NAD+
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p.170
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What is pyruvate converted to in Alcohol Fermentation?
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Ethanol
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p.170
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What is pyruvate reduced by to form lactate?
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NADH
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p.170
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What stages of Respiration can Proteins enter?
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Glycolysis, No Name, Kreb
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p.171
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What stages of Respiration can Fats enter?
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Glycolysis, No Name
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p.171
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What stages of Respiration can Carbs enter?
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Glycolysis
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p.171
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What mechanism controls Cellular Respiration?
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Feedback Inhibition (end product inhibits enzyme)
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p.171
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