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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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______________ is how drugs are absorbed distributed, metabolized and excreted
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Pharmacokinetics
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____________ is how drugs affect the body on a cellular level in relation to the target organ.
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Pharmacodynamics
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___________ refers to the passage of medication from its site of introduction usually the GI tract into general circulation.
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Absorption
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_______________ also called serum half life is the time required to decrease the drug concentration by one half its original value.
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Elimination half time
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The ______________ measures the volume of blood form which the medication is eliminated per unit of time.
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Clearance rate
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_______ also called botanicals, are plant based products that have medicinal properties.
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Herbs
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Birch bark has similar bioactivity to ______
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Aspirin
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Willow bark has similar bioactivity to ____________
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Aspirin
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Meadowsweet has similar bioactivity to ____________
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Aspirin
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Dong quai has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Anticoagulants
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Feverfew has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Anticoagulants
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Garlic has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Anticoagulants
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Ginkgo biloba has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Anticoagulants
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Wintergreen has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Anticoagulants
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Guarana has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Caffeine
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Kola nut has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Caffeine
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Ephedra has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Ephedrine
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Black cohosh has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Estrogen
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Fennel has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Estrogen
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Red Clover has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Estrogen
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Stinging nettle has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Estrogen (made me itch like heck. Did not feel like girlie - er)
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Thyme has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Lithium
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Purslane has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Lithium
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Ginseng has similar bioactivity to ______________
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (happy pills)
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St. Johns wort has similar bioactivity to ___________
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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Yohimbe has similar bioactivity to ____________
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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Lobelia has similar bioactivity to ___________
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Nicotine
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Angelica has similar bioactivity to ____________
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Calcium channel blockers
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What are the potential adverse effects of black cohosh?
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Bradycardia, hypotention, joint pain
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What are the potential adverse effects of Bloodroot?
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Bradycardia, arrhythmia, dizziness, impaired vision, intense thirst
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What are the potential adverse effects of boneset?
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Liver toxicity, metal changes respiratory problems
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What are the potential adverse effects of Coltsfoot?
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fever, liver toxicity
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What are the potential adverse effects of dandelion?
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interactions with diuretics increased concentration of lithium or potassium.
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What are the potential adverse effects of Ephedra?
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Anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, tachycardia and hypertension.
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What are the potential adverse effects of feverfew?
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Interference with blood clotting mechanisms
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What are the potential adverse effects of Garlic?
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Hypotension, inhibition of blood clotting, potentiality of anti-diabetic drugs
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What are the potential adverse effects of ginseng?
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anxiety insomnia hypertension tachycardia asthma attacks postmenopausal bleeding
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What are the potential adverse effects of goldenseal?
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Vasoconstriction
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What are the potential adverse effects of guar gum?
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hypoglycemia
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What are the potential adverse effects of hawthorn
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Hypotension
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What are the potential adverse effects of hops, skullcap, valerian.
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Drowsiness, potentiation of anti-anxiety or sedative medications
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What are the potential adverse effects of Kava
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Damage to the eyes skin liver and spinal cord from long term use
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What are the potential adverse effects of licorice
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Hypokalemia hypernatremia
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What are the potential adverse effects of lobelia
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Hearing and vision problems
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What are the potential adverse effects of nettle
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hypokalemia
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What are the potential adverse effects of senna
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Potentiation of digoxin
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What are the potential adverse effects of Yohimbe
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Anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, mental changes.
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This herb is used for acute non specific diarrhea and topical treatment of mild inflammation of the mouth throat and oral mucosa. In high doses its inhibits platelet aggregation patients with hemorrhagic disorders should avoid.
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Bilbery
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This herb is used for menopausal sysmptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats and sleeping disturbances. May cause hepatoxicity.
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Black Cohosh
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This herb is used for osteoarthritis of the knee and rheumotoid arthritis. Patients with organ transplant or lymphocytosis, or autoimmune disease should use with caution. This herb inhibies cytochrome P 450 CYP3A4. Also, this herb may dilate peripheral blood vessels and increase heart rate.
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Cat's claw
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This herb is used for Inflammation of the GI tract and GI spasms. Topically it is used for inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes and bacterial infections of the skin.
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Chamomile
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This herb is used for supportive therapy for colds and infection of the respiratory and urinary tract. Should be avoided in pts taking immunosuppressant drugs.
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Echinacea
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This herb is used for atopic dermatitis and eczema but it may be an unmasking of temporal lobe epilepsy. May improve blood flow and nerve conduction deficits in diabetes.
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Evening Primrose
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This herb is used to lower cholesterol prevent hardening of arteries and treat minor respiratory infections. Use with caution because it inhibits platelet aggregation if taken with warfarin, asprin, or NSAIDs.
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Garlic
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This herb is used for prevention of motion sickness and its anti inflammatory properties. However, it is contraindicated in active gallbladder disease, anti-platelet aggregation is common must discontinue use 7 to 10 days prior to surgery.
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Ginger
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This herb is used to treat degenerative and vascular dementia, peripheral artery occlusive disease vertigo and tinnitus. Use with caution due to potential for interaction with anticoagulant and anti-platelet medications. Also, can increase blood glucose in type II diabetics.
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Ginkgo Biloba
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This herb is used as a restorative agent for invigoration during time of fatigue stress and convalescence.
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Ginseng
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This herb is used to treat congestive heart failure. However, it may potentiate the action of digitalis and beta blockers.
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Hawthorn
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This herb is approved for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency night cramps and itching. Use with caution due to bleeding time changes in patients taking anticoagulants.
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Horse Chestnut
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This herb is used for the treatment of anxiety or depression. However, there are serious concerns about liver toxicity and the decreased effectiveness of warfarin.
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Kava
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This herb is used for the treatment of inflamed upper respiratory tract infections and gastric / duodenal ulcers. However, it is contraindicated in liver disorders congestive heart failure or edema. Can increase blood pressure and interacts with diuretics corticosteroids and anti hypertensives.
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Licorice
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This herb is used for benign prostatic hypertrophy. does not affect prostate-specific antigen levels or drug interactions.
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Saw palmetto
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This herb is used for the treatment of mild to moderate depressive moods anxiety and nervousness. Potential for decreased cyclosporine levels; decreased effectiveness of warfarin possible decreased digoxin levens avoid in patients taking multiple medications.
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St Johns wort
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This herb is used for restlessness mild sleep promoting agents in nervous and anxiety related sleep disturbances. In theory there is a potential additive effect when taken with central nervous system depressants.
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Valerian
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The gradual ____% to ___ % decline in hepatic blood flow begins around the age of 40 and can affect serum concentration and the volume of distribution of substances that are metabolized more extensively bu the liver.
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30 to 50%
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Malnutrition further decreases ___________ levels thereby increasing both the therapeutic and adverse effects of highly protein bound medications.
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Serum albumin
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True or false.
Over the counter remedies are always save even in extra strength doses. |
False
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_____________ refers to the use of multiple medications often from multiple sources.
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Polypharmacy
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__________refers to medication takeing patterns that differ form the prescribed pattern including missed doses failure to full prescriptions or medications taken too frequently or at inappropriate times.
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Medication non-adherence
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Increasing public pressure led to the legislation creating the ___________ prescription drug program.
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Medicare Part D
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Magnesium or aluminum containing antacids may bind with ____________ in the stomach
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Tetracycline
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Ciprofloxacin and anticonvulsants inhibit metabolism of _________
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Warfarin
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Phenobarbital increases metabolism of ________
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Warfarin
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Furosemide can interfere with elimination of _________
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salicylates (asprin)
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Sodium bicarbonate can enhance excretion of _________, __________ and __________
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Lithium tetracyclines, and salicylates
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Diphenhydramine may interfere with effect of ____________ agents
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cholinergic agents Ex. tacrine, donepezil
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_______________ taken with codeine has a greater analgesic effect then taken alone
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Acetaminophen
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Verapamil or diltiazem may have additive effect when taken with a __________
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beta blocker
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True or false
Ingestion of food may delay absorption of cimetidine digoxin, and ibuprofen. |
true
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True or false
Calcium decreased absorption of tetracycline. A high protein or high fiber meal decreases the absorption of levodopa |
true
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True or false
Caffeinated tea and fiber intake interfere with iron absorption. |
True
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True or false
High fat foods increase serum levels of griseofulvin. |
true
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True or false
Vitamin K decreases the effedtiveness of warfarin. |
True
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True or false
Charcoal broiling of foods deministhes the effectiveness of aminophylline or theophylline |
true
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True or false
A high protein diet increases the metabolism of theophylline. |
True
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