Ch 5 Neuromotor Basis For Motor Control

Front 1

General structures of neuron

Back 1

cell body, dendrites, axon

Front 2

dendrite

Back 2

1 to thousands per neuron... receive info from other cells

Front 3

axon

Back 3

aka nerve fiber-- one per neuron w/ branches call collaterals.... sends info from the neuron

Front 4

sensory neurons

Back 4

aka afferent-- unipolar- 1 axon; no dendrites-- cell body and most of axon in PNS; only part of axon in the cns

Front 5

Motor neurons (def, 2 types & function

Back 5

efferent neurons--
2 types=
1) Alpha: predom in the spinal cord-- axons synapse on skeletal muscles
2) gamma motor neurons-- in intrafusal fibers of skeletal muscles

Front 6

4 structural componenets most directly involved in the control of voluntary movement

Back 6

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem

Front 7

primary motor cortex

Back 7

located in frontal lobe just anterior to central sulcus
function: involved in control of initiation of mvmts for fine motor skills and postural coordination

Front 8

premotor area

Back 8

location: anterior to primary motor cortex
functions:
1. org of mvmts before they are initiated
2. rhythmic coordination during movement
3. control of mvmt based on observation of another person's performing a skill

Front 9

supplementary motor area (SMA)

Back 9

involved in the control of sequential movements and prep and org of movement

Front 10

Parietal lobe

Back 10

involved in the integration of movement preparation and execution (interacts w/ the premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, and SMA before and during movement)

Front 11

4 nuclei of the basal ganglia

Back 11

caudate nucleus, putamen, substantia nigra, globus pallidus

Front 12

The basal ganglia functions

Back 12

receive info from cerebral cortex and relay to brainstem

involves control of movement initiation, antagonistic muscles during movement, force

Front 13

forebrain=

Back 13

cerbrum and diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)

Front 14

Diencephalon

Back 14

part of forebrain
contains thalalmus and hypothalamus

Front 15

thalamus

Back 15

part of diencephalon and forebrain
function: type of relay station- receives and integrate sensory info from spinal cord and brainstem; sends info to cerebral cortex

plays role in control of attention, mood, and perception of pain

Front 16

hypothalamus

Back 16

part of diencephalon and forebrain

function: critical center for control of the endocrine system and body homeostasis

Front 17

cerebellum functions

Back 17

involved in control of smooth and accurate movements

involved in control of eye-hand coordination, mvmt timing & posture

serves as type of mvmt error detection and correction system

involved in learning motor skills

Front 18

parts of brainstem

Back 18

pons, medulla, reticular formation

Front 19

pons

Back 19

involved in control of various body functions (e.g. chewing) and balance

Front 20

ONT

Back 20

Ontario, CA

Front 21

reticular formation

Back 21

integrator of sensory and motor info

inhibits or activates neural signals to skeletal muscles

Front 22

Gray matter of spinal cord

Back 22

h shaped central portion

Dorsal horns: transmit sensory info
Ventral horns: contain alpha motor neurons w/ axons termination on skeletal muscle

interneurons (renshaw cells) in ventral horn