Chapter 5: Principles Of Motor Control And Movement Accuracy

Front 1

modifying motor programs

Back 1

movement time (fundamental timing structure), movement amplitude, movement direction, limb and muscles used

Front 2

Relative timing

Back 2

duration of rhythm of movement pattern, temporal pattern

Front 3

invariant features

Back 3

surface features (amplitude) change but some features stay the same

Front 4

fundamental timing structure

Back 4

sequencing and timing that defines a particular pattern

Front 5

surface features

Back 5

easily modifiable components of a movement

Front 6

paramaters

Back 6

variable speed or amplitude which result in different surface features. ex skipping vs. galloping

Front 7

relative features remain the same when performers change...?

Back 7

speed of a rapid movement, size of the action, forces used, trajectory, and limb used

Front 8

Isn't running just walking sped up?

Back 8

not exactly, different generalized motor pattern. Spend more time in E3 (one foot planted) when walking and more time in F (toe off) when running

Front 9

Fitts' Law

Back 9

movement time is linearly related to the index of movement difficulty.

ID= log (2A/W)
ID, index of difficulty
A, amplitude of movement
W, width of movement

applies to a wide variety of tasks (mouse movement, car accelerator/brake pedal, gears on a bike)

combination of both open and closed loop control

Front 10

Fitt's tapping task

Back 10

tendency for individuals to substitute speed for accuracy when the target size is decreased or the distance to the target is increased.

Front 11

speed-accuracy tradeoff

Back 11

occurs in rapid movements because there is less time for feedback. Not just a feedback issue though.

also due to CNS variability, nerve impulses and muscle contractions, bones, tendons, reflex responses, movement planning.

Front 12

new area of research?

Back 12

variability analysis, inherent info from how much variability there is in a biological signal.

heart rate, hormone levels, gait, postural control

Front 13

violations of speed-accuracy trade off

Back 13

spatial accuracy (throwing a dart)

timing accuracy: timing accuracy actually increases as movements get faster, spatial accuracy decreases (stop watch)

producing very forceful movements

short times for arm swinging movements had a lower amount of variability

Front 14

coincidence anticipation

Back 14

task that requires a combination of time and space movements with an external object or event

Front 15

batting example of coincidence anticipation

Back 15

process visual information: can wait longer before initiating the swing based on the flight of the ball

timing the swing: intiating the time of the start of the movement can become consistent

achieving spatial accuracy: near maximal force swing should violated the speed-accuracy trade-off

hitting the ball hard: swinging hard will allow for a greater force to be imparted on the ball.