Ch 5 Ground Water

Front 1

What is ground water

Back 1

Water beneath the surface

Front 2

Where is ground water

Back 2

Aquifers

Front 3

Permeable rock strata or sediments that transmit ground water freely

Back 3

Aquifer

Front 4

What type of rock strata are aquifers

Back 4

Sand/sandstone, fractured limestone

Front 5

Impermeable layers such as clay that hinder or prevent water movement

Back 5

Aquitard

Front 6

Level groundwater is encountered in an unconfirmed aquifer

Back 6

Water table

Front 7

Which type of aquifer are more susceptible to contamination

Back 7

Unconfined

Front 8

The confining layer is made of what

Back 8

Aquiclude

Aquitard

Front 9

Prevents movement of water, shale and clays

Back 9

Aquiclude

Front 10

2 types of aquifers

Back 10

Unconfined

Confined

Front 11

A confined aquifer is also known as an

Back 11

Artesian

Front 12

In an unconfined aquifer where is the saturated zone? The unsaturated zone?

Back 12

Below water table- saturated zone

Above water table- unsaturated zone

Front 13

The water table is .......% saturated

Back 13

100

Front 14

The unsaturated zone is ....... than 100% saturated

Back 14

Less

Front 15

Anything coming from the surface will make it to the water table

Back 15

Unconfined aquifer

Front 16

Beneath the saturated zone in an unconfined aquifer is what

Back 16

Clay

Front 17

A depression in the water table that increases on size as pumping from a well becomes harder

Back 17

Cone of depression

Front 18

For industrial purposes, the withdrawal of water can be great enough to create a very wide and steep cone of depression that does what

Back 18

Lower the water table in an area and cause nearby shallow wells to become dry

Front 19

Water must be confined to an aquifer that is inclined so that one end is exposed to the surface (well), aquitard both above and below the aquifer must be present to prevent the water from escaping

Back 19

Confined aquifer

Front 20

Naming from the well down in a confined aquifer

Back 20

Well

Unsaturated zone

Water table

Saturated zone

Confining layer

Zone of saturation

Confining layer

Front 21

A well in which is under pressure causing water to flow out onto the surface

Back 21

Flowing artesian well

Front 22

Level water will rise to in a well, pent rates the confining aquifer

Back 22

Potential metric surface

Front 23

aquifer that occurs above the regional water table, in the vadose zone. This occurs when there is an impermeable layer of rock or sediment (aquiclude) or relatively impermeable layer (aquitard) above the main water table/aquifer but below the surface of the land.

Back 23

Perched water table

Front 24

Imaginary surface in a confined aquifer that water would rise to from a well

Back 24

Pressure surface

Front 25

Sits above the main water table, overlying a confined layer

Back 25

Perched aquifer

Front 26

Whenever the water table intersects the ground surface, a natural flow of ground water results as what

Back 26

Spring

Front 27

When ground water circulates at great depths it becomes heated, if rise rapidly to the surface it is called what

Back 27

Hot spring

Front 28

Hole in limestone caused by dissolution (Ground water erosional feature)

Back 28

Cavern

Front 29

Large extent of landscape that has been shaped by the dissolving power of ground water

Back 29

Karsten topography

Front 30

Hang from the ceiling in a cavern, form when water seeps through cracks above

Back 30

Stalactites

Front 31

How do stalactites in a cavern form

Back 31

When water reaches air in the cave, carbon dioxide escapes from the drop, and calcite begins to precipitate

Front 32

Formations that develop on the floor of a cavern and reach upward toward the ceiling

Back 32

Stalagmites

Front 33

When the roof of a cavern collapse under its own weight

Back 33

Sink hole

Front 34

Any stream that disappears underground, typically into a swallow hole.

Back 34

Sinking stream

Front 35

Fountains in which columns of hot water are ejected with great force

Back 35

Geysers

Front 36

What makes water flow, slope of a stream channel expressed as the vertical drop of a stream over a specified distance

Back 36

Gradient

Front 37

The steeper the gradient, the ....... energy available for stream flow

Back 37

More

Front 38

Gradient is steeper at......and as you go towards the mouth it will....

Back 38

Source (mouth); decrease

Front 39

Earths water supply

Back 39

Hydrologic cycle

Front 40

Water that enters in the atmosphere from oceans through what process

Back 40

Evaporation

Front 41

Evaporation leads to

Back 41

Precipitation

Front 42

Water that soaks into the ground from precipitation is called

Back 42

Infiltration

Front 43

When the rate of rainfall exceeds earth's ability to absorb it, it flows over the surface into lakes and streams...what is it called

Back 43

Runoff

Front 44

Water soaked into the ground and absorbed by plants which then release it back into the atmosphere

Back 44

Transpiraton

Front 45

What two processes in the hydrologic cycle involve the transfer of water from the surface directly into the atmosphere.....and together are called what

Back 45

Evaporation and transpiration, evapotranspiration

Front 46

The source of most of earth's water is from, and most of its fresh water is from....

Back 46

Oceans, glaciers

Front 47

Material that moves along the bottom of a stream that is too large to be carried in suspension, consists of what?

Back 47

Bed load , sands, gravel

Front 48

Material that floats around the surface of a stream, and consists of what

Back 48

Suspended load, silts, clays

Front 49

What stream can carry/move

Back 49

Load

Front 50

3 types of loads

Back 50

Bed

Suspended

Dissolved

Front 51

Material that is dissolved in a stream

Back 51

Dissolved load

Front 52

Speed at which water is moving

Back 52

Velocity

Front 53

The volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time

Back 53

Discharge cubic ft/second

Front 54

Sweeping bends in a stream

Back 54

Meander

Front 55

Measure of how smooth or rough the stream bed is

Back 55

Roughness

Front 56

A stream bed is more smooth when what materials are prese t

Back 56

Clays

Front 57

A stream bed is more rough when what materials are present

Back 57

Gravel

Front 58

Sediment that accumulates at the mouth of the river

Back 58

Delta

Front 59

U-shaped body of water that forms when a wide meander from the main stem of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water.

Back 59

Oxbow lake

Front 60

stream that runs parallel to, and within the floodplain of a larger river for considerable distance, before eventually joining it.

Back 60

Yazoo stream

Front 61

deposit of sand or mud built up along, and sloping away from, either side of the flood plain of a river or stream.

Back 61

Natural levee

Front 62

Edge of a flood plain

Back 62

Valley wall

Front 63

Level water wants to flow to

Back 63

Base level

Front 64

Ultimate base level

Back 64

Sea level

Front 65

Erosion in a stream at meander

Back 65

Cut bank

Front 66

Deposition of sediments in a stream at a meander

Back 66

Point bar