Ch 4 Histology And Tissues Part 2

Front 1

Connective tissues - general

Back 1

- extensive extracellular matrix (ground substance) with widely scattered cells that secrete and modify the matrix

- composed of proteoglycans and water with insoluble protein fibers

Front 2

suffixes: -blast, -clast, -cyte

Back 2

-blast = cell is growing or secreting matrix

ex) fibroblasts secrete collagen rich matrix

-clast = cell is actively breaking down matrix

ex) osteoclast - one of the bone cells

-cyte = cell, not actively making or destroying matrix

ex) osteocyte, fibrocyte, lymphocyte

Front 3

What are the main fiber types? (3)

Back 3

1) Collagen - most abundant protein in body; flexible but inelastic

2) Elastin - allows stretching and subsequent recoil

3) Reticular - thin, short branching collagen fibers

Front 4

Cell types and fiber types (pic)

Back 4

Front 5

What are the connective tissue proper types?

Back 5

- Loose connective tissue:

- Areolar connective tissue

- Adipose tissue (fat)

- Reticular connective tissue

- Dense connective tissue:

- Dense regular connective tissue

- Dense irregular connective tissue

- Specialized connective tissue:

- Cartilage - Bone - Blood

Front 6

What is Areolar connective tissue?

Back 6

A type of loose connective tissue

- high concentration of gel-like matrix with all three fiber types

- contains fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells

- forms the lamina propria, packages organs, surrounds capillaries

Front 7

Areolar connective tissue (pic)

Back 7

Front 8

What is Adipose tissue?

Back 8

A type of loose connective tissue

- FAT

- little matrix, highly cellular (adipocytes) have nucleus pushed to side by large fat droplet, highly vascular

- triglyceride storage, insulation, supports and protects organs

Front 9

What is Reticular connective tissue?

Back 9

A type of loose connective tissue

- network of reticular fibers and reticulocytes (fibroblasts) in a loose ground substance

- forms the stroma (scaffolding) for soft organs

- lymph nodes, spleen, red bone marrow

Front 10

Adipose tissue (pic)

Back 10

Front 11

reticular connective tissue (pic)

Back 11

Front 12

What is Dense Regular connective tissue?

Back 12

- parallel bundles of collagen with little ground substance and interspersed fibroblasts

- resists pulling forces along the length of the fiber

- found in ligaments and tendons

Front 13

What is Dense Irregular connective tissue?

Back 13

- similar to dense regular except the fibers run in many planes

- resists pulling in multiple directions

- dermis of the skin, joint capsules

Front 14

dense regular connective tissue (pic)

Back 14

Front 15

dense irregular connective tissue (pic)

Back 15

Front 16

What is cartilage?

Back 16

A specialized connective tissue

- cells called chondrocytes in lacunae with extensive and rigid gel matrix

- matrix secreted by chondroblasts

- avascular and lacks nerve fibers

- surrounded by fibrous perichondrium which contains a blood supply

Front 17

What are the types of cartilage?

Back 17

1) Hyaline cartilage

2) Elastic cartilage

3) Fibrocartilage

Front 18

What is hyaline cartilage?

Back 18

Type of specialized connective tissue

- most abundant type of cartilage

- supportive, reduces friction, and compression forces

- ends of long bones, costal cartilages, nose, trachea and larynx

Front 19

What is elastic cartilage?

Back 19

Type of specialized connective tissue

- similar to hyaline cartilage with more elastic fibers

- allows flexibility while maintaining shape

- external ear, epiglottis

Front 20

What is fibrocartilage?

Back 20

Type of specialized connective tissue

- contains high concentrations of collagen fibers

- strong shock absorber

- pubic symphysis, Intervertebral disks, meniscus of the knee

Front 21

Hyaline cartilage (pic)

Back 21

Front 22

Elastic cartilage (pic)

Back 22

Front 23

Fibrocartilage (pic)

Back 23

Front 24

What is bone?

Back 24

A type of specialized connective tissue

- hard calcified matrix w/ osteocytes sitting in lacunae

- organic portion is collagen fibers made by osteoblasts

- inorganic portion is hydroxyapetite (calcium phosphate crystals)

Front 25

Bone tissue (pic)

Back 25

Front 26

How does bone tissue arrange itself into osteons?

Back 26

- the center of the osteon (central/haversian canal) contains nerves and blood vessels

- these blood vessels are connected perpedicularly by perforating or Volkman's canals

- contains osteocytes sitting in lacunae that communicate with one another via canaliculi

- osteons are composed of circule rings called concentric lamellae

Front 27

What is blood?

Back 27

A type of specialized connective tissue

- Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

- transports respiratory gases (CO2 and O2), nutrients, wastes, hormones, etc.

Front 28

Blood (pic)

Back 28

Front 29

Muscle tissue - general and types

Back 29

- highly cellular, well vascularized electrically excitable tissue that has the ability to contract and create force

a) Skeletal muscle tissue

b) Cardiac muscle tissue

c) Smooth muscle tissue

Front 30

What is skeletal muscle tissue?

Back 30

- attached to the skeleton, generate movement and heat

- striated, multi-nucleate, voluntary

Front 31

What is cardiac muscle tissue?

Back 31

- found in the heart, propels blood through the body

- striated, branched, uninucleate, intercalated disks (desmosomes and gap junctions), involuntary

Front 32

What is smooth muscle tissue?

Back 32

- found in the walls of hollow organs

- fusiform in shape, uninucleate, lack striations, involuntary

Front 33

What is Nervous tissue?

Back 33

- found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

- transmit electrical impulses in the body

- 2 types:

- Neurons - branching cells containing a cell body, axon, and dendrites

- Glial cells - non-irritable supporting cells

Front 34

Nervous tissue (pic)

Back 34