Ch 3 (Skeletal Tissue)

Front 1

the socket in the ball-and-socket joint that connects the pelvic girdle and the lower extremity

Back 1

acetabulum

Front 2

the point at which the clavicle attaches to the acromion process

Back 2

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Front 3

one or more torn ligaments in the AC joint, resulting in a separated shoulder

Back 3

acromioclavicular separation

Front 4

the tip of the shoulder and the site of attachment for both the clavicle and various shoulder muscles

Back 4

acromion process

Front 5

the ridges between the teeth, which are covered with thickened connective tissue and epithelium

Back 5

alveolar ridge

Front 6

small pits or cavities, such as sockets for the teeth or air sacs in the lungs

Back 6

alveoli

Front 7

a ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue that is part of the invertebral disk

Back 7

anulus fibrosus

Front 8

the upper and lower extremities and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton

Back 8

appendicular skeleton

Front 9

the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone

Back 9

appositional growth

Front 10

the location where the atlas articulates with the occipital condyles

Back 10

atlanto-occipital joint

Front 11

the first cervical vertebrae (C1) which provides support for the head

Back 11

atlas

Front 12

the bones that function in hearing and are located deep within the cavities of the temporal bone

Back 12

auditory ossicles

Front 13

the portion of the skeleton that includes the torso

Back 13

axial skeleton

Front 14

the second cervical vertebrae (C2), the point that allows the head to turn

Back 14

axis

Front 15

bruising over the mastoid process, usually from a basilar skull fracture

Back 15

Battle's sign

Front 16

a fracture of the floor of the orbit usually caused by a blow to the eye

Back 16

blowout fracture

Front 17

the substance located within the medullary cavity of a bone that consists of adipose tissue (yellow marrow) or red producing cells in bones in the axial skeleton and girdles (red marrow)

Back 17

bone marrow

Front 18

grinding together or the upper and lower teeth

Back 18

bruxism

Front 19

a circumferential ballooning of an intact intervertebral disk

Back 19

bulging disk

Front 20

a small fluid filled sac located between a tendon and a bone that cushions and protects the joint

Back 20

bursa

Front 21

the zone of repair in which a mass of exudates and connective tissue forms around a break in a bone and converts to bone during healing

Back 21

callus

Front 22

a minute canal in a bone

Back 22

canaliculi

Front 23

bone that is made up of a lacy network of bony rods called trabeculae

Back 23

cancellous bone

Front 24

compression of the median nerve within the carpal canal at the wrist

Back 24

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Front 25

plates of shiny connective tissue that are lubricated by synovial fluid to provide a slippery surface over which bones may move freely

Back 25

cartilage

Front 26

the most serious disk rupture that occurs when nuclear material protrudes straight back into the spinal cord, possibly resulting in permanent loss of bladder and bowel control

Back 26

central disk herniation

Front 27

the fluid that bathes and provides hydraulic cushioning of the brain and spinal cord

Back 27

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Front 28

a cell that produces cartilage

Back 28

chondroblast

Front 29

the collarbone, which is located on the anterior chest and is an integral part of the shoulder girdle

Back 29

clavicle

Front 30

a fracture in which the bone ends have not been exposed by a break through the skin

Back 30

closed fracture

Front 31

the last four/five vertebrae which are fused together to form the tail bone

Back 31

coccyx

Front 32

a fracture in which the bone end is fragmented

Back 32

comminuted fracture

Front 33

bone that is mostly solid, with few spaces

Back 33

compact bone

Front 34

a fracture in which the bone collapses

Back 34

compression fracture

Front 35

the point where the parietal bones join together with the frontal bone

Back 35

coronal suture

Front 36

inflammation of the costocartilage, which attaches the ribs to the sternum

Back 36

costochondritis

Front 37

the bones that encase and protect the brain, including the parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones

Back 37

cranial vault

Front 38

a grinding sound or sensation

Back 38

crepitus

Front 39

a horizontal bone perforated with numerous foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity

Back 39

crista galli

Front 40

the part of the tooth that is external to the gum

Back 40

crown

Front 41

point at the top of a tooth

Back 41

cusp

Front 42

a progressive form of arthritis that causes deterioration of the intervertebral disk

Back 42

degenerative disk disease

Front 43

the principal mass of the tooth, which is made up of material that is much more dense and stronger than bone

Back 43

dentin

Front 44

the shaft of a long bone

Back 44

diaphysis

Front 45

a state of abnormally small bones

Back 45

dwarfism

Front 46

the growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate, which is eventually replaced by bone

Back 46

endochondral growth

Front 47

the lining of the inner surfaces of a long bone

Back 47

endosteum

Front 48

an inflammation of the muscles of the elbow joint, more commonly known as tennis elbow

Back 48

epicondylitis

Front 49

the ends of long bone

Back 49

epiphyses

Front 50

an opening in the temporal bone that contains the ear canal

Back 50

external auditory meatus

Front 51

a smooth flat circumscribed anatomic surface of a bone

Back 51

facet

Front 52

the seventh pair of cranial nerves that supply sensory and motor nerve functions to the face and jaw

Back 52

facial nerve

Front 53

the long bone in the thigh

Back 53

femur

Front 54

a cell that secretes proteins and collagen to form connective tissue between broken bone ends

Back 54

fibroblast

Front 55

the long bone at the posterior surface of the lower leg

Back 55

fibula

Front 56

type of bone that is relatively thin and flattened

Back 56

flat bone

Front 57

the soft spots in the skull of a newborn and infant where the sutures of the skull have not yet grown together

Back 57

fontanels

Front 58

the large opening at the bottom of the skull through which the brain connects with the spinal cord

Back 58

foramen magnum

Front 59

small openings, perforations, or orifices in the bones of the cranial vault

Back 59

foramina

Front 60

a state of bony overgrowth

Back 60

gigantism

Front 61

the gums, connective tissue that covers the alveolar ridge

Back 61

gingiva

Front 62

the bony belts that attach the extremities to the axial skeleton

Back 62

girdles

Front 63

the part of the scapula that forms the socket in the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder

Back 63

glenoid fossa

Front 64

a joint where the opposing surfaces of bone glide over each other to articulate

Back 64

gliding joint

Front 65

an incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only the outer arc of the bend is broken

Back 65

greenstick fracture

Front 66

the bony anterior part of the palate, which forms the roof of the mouth

Back 66

hard palate

Front 67

a unit of compact bone consisting of a tube (haversian canal) with the laminae of bone that surrounds it

Back 67

haversian system

Front 68

a tear in the anulus fibrosus that results in leakage of the nucleus pulposus, most commonly against exiting nerve roots

Back 68

herniated disk

Front 69

the bone of the arm

Back 69

humerus

Front 70

a mineral compound containing calcium and phosphate that, along wit collagen, compromise the structural element of a bone

Back 70

hydroxyapatite

Front 71

a bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles

Back 71

hyoid bone

Front 72

a fracture in which one fragmented bone end is wedged into the other fragmented bone end

Back 72

impacted fracture

Front 73

a mass of fibrocartilage between each vertebral body of the spine, composed of the anulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus

Back 73

intervertebral disk

Front 74

the opening between each vertebrae through which the spinal (peripheral) nerves pass from the spinal cord

Back 74

intervertebral foramen

Front 75

the point where two or more bones come together, allowing movement to occur

Back 75

joint

Front 76

an excessively concave thoracic curve, also called hump back

Back 76

kyphosis

Front 77

one of the minute cavities in bone or cartilage occupied by osteocytes

Back 77

lucuna

Front 78

the point where the occipital bones attach to the parietal bones

Back 78

lambdoid suture

Front 79

thin sheets or layers into which bone tissue is organized

Back 79

lamellae

Front 80

an enlargement of the distal end of the fibula, which forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint

Back 80

lateral malleoulus

Front 81

though white bands of tissue that bind bones together

Back 81

ligaments

Front 82

type of bone that is longer than it is wide

Back 82

long bone

Front 83

an exaggerated lumbar curve or hollow back

Back 83

lordosis

Front 84

the movable lower jaw bone

Back 84

mandible

Front 85

a cone-shaped section of bone at the base of the temporal bone

Back 85

mastoid process

Front 86

a severe infection involving the air cells of the mastoid process

Back 86

mastoiditis

Front 87

the distal end of the tibia, which forms the medial side of the ankle joint

Back 87

medial malleoulus

Front 88

the internal cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow

Back 88

medullary cavity

Front 89

the three layers of membranes, the dura, arachnoid, and pia mater that surround the brain

Back 89

meninges

Front 90

the bones that form the hand

Back 90

metacarpal bones

Front 91

the area of long bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis converge, the epiphyseal plate is located here

Back 91

metaphysis

Front 92

the chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth

Back 92

nasal cavity

Front 93

the separation between the left and right nostrils

Back 93

nasal septum

Front 94

the gelatinous mass that makes up the center of each intervertebral disk

Back 94

nucleus pulposus

Front 95

a fracture that forms an angle to the shaft of the bone

Back 95

oblique fracture

Front 96

articular surface on the occipital bone where the skull articulates with the atlas on the vertebral column

Back 96

occipital condyles

Front 97

the cranial nerve for smell

Back 97

olfactory bulb

Front 98

a fracture in which a bone end has penetrated the skin, also called a compound fracture

Back 98

open fracture

Front 99

bony cavity in the frontal skull that encloses the eye

Back 99

orbit

Front 100

the three small bones in the middle ear, the malleus, incus, and stapes

Back 100

ossicles

Front 101

a bone-forming cell

Back 101

osteoblast

Front 102

large, multinucleated cells that dissolve bone tissue and play a major roll in bone remodeling

Back 102

osteoclasts

Front 103

an osteoblast that becomes surrounded by bony matrix

Back 103

osteocyte

Front 104

a genetic disorder in which the patient lacks sufficient collagen for proper strength of the bones

Back 104

osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 105

an abnormal softening of bones because a loss of calcium

Back 105

osteomalacia

Front 106

an inflammation of the bone usually resulting from bacterial infection

Back 106

osteomyelitis

Front 107

unit within a compact bone in which blood vessels are located, also called the haversian system

Back 107

osteon

Front 108

a reduction in the actual quantity of bony tissue

Back 108

osteoporosis

Front 109

an irregularly shaped bone found in the posterior part of the nasal cavity

Back 109

palatine bone

Front 110

the sinuses, or hollowed sections of bone in front of the head, which are lined with mucous membrane and drain into the nasal cavity

Back 110

paranasal sinuses

Front 111

the kneecap

Back 111

patella

Front 112

the foot of each vertebrae in the vertebral arch

Back 112

pedicle

Front 113

the attachment of the lower extremities to the body, consisting of a sacrum and two pelvic bones

Back 113

pelvis

Front 114

the membrane that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone

Back 114

periodontal membrane

Front 115

the membrane, made up of a double layer of connective tissue, that covers all bones, except the articular surfaces

Back 115

periosteum

Front 116

the small bones of the digits of the fingers and toes

Back 116

phalanges

Front 117

the major site of bone elongation, located just proximal to the bone ends, also called the growth plate

Back 117

physis

Front 118

an endocrine gland, located in the sella turcica of the brain, responsible for directly or indirectly affecting all bodily functions

Back 118

pituitary gland

Front 119

an irritation of tough band of connective tissue extending from the calcaneus to the proximal phalange of each toe

Back 119

plantar fasciitis

Front 120

soft tissue within the tooth

Back 120

pulp

Front 121

the posterior vertical parts of the lower jaw that join the mandible

Back 121

rami

Front 122

a disease caused by vitamin D deficiency

Back 122

rickets

Front 123

the five sacral vertebrae which are fused together to form the posterior portion of the pelvic structure

Back 123

sacrum

Front 124

two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other so that complementary surfaces articulate with each other, such as in the case with the thumb

Back 124

saddle joint

Front 125

the point of the skull where the parietal bones join together

Back 125

sagittal suture

Front 126

the triangular shaped bone that compromises the shoulder blade, which is an integral part of the shoulder girdle

Back 126

scapula

Front 127

an abnormal bending of the spine to the side

Back 127

scoliosis

Front 128

a depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Back 128

sella turcica

Front 129

a type of bone that is as broad as it is long

Back 129

short bone

Front 130

the attachment point of the upper extremities to the body, consisting of the scapula and clavicle

Back 130

shoulder girdle

Front 131

a ball-and-socket joint consisting of the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa

Back 131

shoulder joint

Front 132

an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Back 132

sinusitis

Front 133

the structure at the top of the axial skeleton that houses the brain and consists of the 28 bones that compromise the auditory ossicles, cranium and the face

Back 133

skull

Front 134

a fracture that twists around the shaft of a bone

Back 134

spiral fracture

Front 135

the breastbone in the center of the anterior chest

Back 135

sternum

Front 136

several long, slender, and pointed bones that project downward and forward from the temporal bone. small bony protrusion to which the ligaments of the wrist are attached

Back 136

styloid process

Front 137

attachment points in the skull where the cranial bones join together

Back 137

sutures

Front 138

the transparent viscous lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in an articulation

Back 138

synovial fluid

Front 139

the joint between the temporal bone and the posterior condyle that allows for movements of the madible

Back 139

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Front 140

specialized tough cords or bands of dense white connective tissue that attaches muscle to bones

Back 140

tendons

Front 141

the long bone of the anterior surface of the leg

Back 141

tibia

Front 142

ringing in the ears

Back 142

tinnitus

Front 143

bony rods that make up cancellous bone and are oriented to increase weight-bearing capacity of long bones

Back 143

trabeculae

Front 144

a fracture straight across the shaft of a bone

Back 144

transverse fracture

Front 145

spasm of the muscles of chewing

Back 145

trismus

Front 146

the posterior portion of the vertebrae which contains the bony processes, facets and pedicles

Back 146

vertebral arch

Front 147

the spine, or primary support structure of the body, which house the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves

Back 147

vertebral column

Front 148

a hole through which spinal nerves pass from the spinal cord

Back 148

vertebral foramen

Front 149

the bone that extends along the front of the skull below the orbit

Back 149

zygomatic arch