Ch. 27 Biology

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soft, flattened worms taht have tissues and internal organ systems. they are the simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry, adn cephalization

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flatworms

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meaning "without coellom"

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acoelomates

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a fluid-filled body cavity that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm

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coelom

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near the mouth, a muscular tube

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pharnyx

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specialized cells taht remove excess water from the body

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flame cells

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groups of nerve cells that control the nervous system

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ganglia

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group of cells that can detect changes in the amount of light in their environment

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eyespot

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an individual that has both male and female reproductive organs

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hermaphodite

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an organism splits into two and each half grows new parts to become a complete organism

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fission

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free-living flatworms, most live in marine or fresh water

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turbellarians

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parasitic flatworms, most infect the internal organs of their host

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flukes

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long, flat, parasitic worms that are adapted to life inside the intestines of their hosts

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tapeworms

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segments that make up most of the worm's body

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proglottids

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male reproductive organs

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testes

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manes "false coelom"

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pseudocoelom

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posterior opening of the digestive tract

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anus

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unsegmented worms taht have pseudocoeloms and digestive systems with two openings- a mouth and an anus

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Roundworms

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trichinosis-causing worms, filarial worms, ascarid worms, and hookworms

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parasitic roundworms

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worms with segmented bodies. they have a true coelom that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm

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annelids

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where food can be stored

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the crop

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where food is ground into smaller pieces

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gizzard

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blood is contained within a network of blood vessels

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closed circulatory system

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excretory organis taht filter fluid in the coelom

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neophridia

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band of thickened, specialized segments, secretes a mucus ring into which eggs and sperm are released

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clitellum

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annelids taht typically have stream-lined bodies and relatively few setae compared to polychaetes. most live in soil or fresh water

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oligochaetes

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typically external parasites that suck the blood na dbody fluids out of their host

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leeches

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marine anelids taht have paired, paddlelike appendages tipped with setae

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polychaetes

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soft-bodied animals that usually ahve an internal or external shell

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mollusks

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a free-swimming larval stage (in aquatic mollusks)

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trochophore

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the body plan of most mollusks has four parts:

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foot, mantle, shell, visceral mass

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a thin layer of tissue taht covers most of the mollusks' body, much like a cloak

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mantle

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made by glands in teh mantle that secrete calcium carbonate

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shell

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consists of the internal organs

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visceral mass

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flexible, tongue-shaped structure known as

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radula

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a tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves the body

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siphon

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blood is pumped through vessels by a simple heart

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open circulatory system

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shell-less or single-shelled mollusks that move by using a muscular foot located on the central side

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gastropods

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members of the class - have two shells that ar eheld together by one or two powerful muscles

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Bivalvia

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- are typically soft bodied molllusks in which the ehad is attached to a single foot. the foot is divided into tentacles or arms

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cephalopods

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the phylum that consists of platforms

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Platyhelminthes

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The three main groups of flatworms

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turbellarians, flukes, tapeworms

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free-living flatworms belong to the class

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turbellaria

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The three main groups of flatworms

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turbellarians, flukes, tapeworms

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MEMBERS OF THE CLASS - ARE KNOWN AS -

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FLUKES

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members of the class - are called tapeworms

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Cestoda

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members of the class - are called tapeworms

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Cestoda

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Members of the phylum - , also known as roundworms, are among the most numerous of all the animals

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Nematoda

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Earthworms are annelids, members of the hpylum

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Annelida

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the class - contains earthworms nad their relatives

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Oligochaeta

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the class - contains earthworms nad their relatives

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Oligochaeta

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the class - contains the leeches most live in tropical countries

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Hirudinea

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the class - contains earthworms nad their relatives

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Oligochaeta

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the class - contains sandworms, bloodworms, and their relatives

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Polychaeta, or polychaetes

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members of the phylum - are known as mollusks

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Mollusca

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members of the class - include pond snails, land slgs, sea butterflies, sea hares, limpets, and nudibranchs

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Gastropoda

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members of the class - have new shells that are held together be one or two powerful muscles

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bivalves

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cephalopods are members of the class -

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Ceophalopoda