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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the capacity to do work, including synthesizing molecules, moving objects, and generating heat and light
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energy
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energy of movement, includes light (movement of photons), heat (movement of molecules), electricity (movement of electrically charged particles), and movement of large objects
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kinetic energy
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stored energy, includes chemical energy stored in the bonds that hold atoms together in molecules, electrical energy stored in a battery, and positional energy stored in a diver poised to spring
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potential energy
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define the basic properties and behavior of energy
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the laws of thermodynamics
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states that, assuming there is no influx of energy, the total amount of energy within a given system remains constant
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the first law of thermodynamics
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states that when energy is converted from one form to another, the amount of useful energy decreases
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the second law of thermodynamics
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tendency toward loss of orderliness and high-level energy and an increase in randomness, disorder, and low-level energy
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entropy
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a process that forms or breaks the chemical bonds that hold atoms together
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chemical reaction
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reaction occurs if the reactants contain more energy than the products
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exergonic
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reaction occurs if the products contain more energy than the reactants
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energonic
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the initial input or "push" to start a chemical reaction
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activation energy
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an exergonic reaction provides the energy needed to drive an endergonic reaction
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coupled reaction
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provides the muscle protein with energy to contract;pick up an energy charge at an exergonic reaction, move to another location within the cell, and release the energy to drive an endergonic reaction
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energy-carrier molecule
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ATP, the most common energy-carrier molecule in cells
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adenosine triphosphate
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ADP
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adenosine diphosphate
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pick up electrons generated by exergonic reactions and hold them in high-energy outer electron shells; The electron is then deposited, energy and all, with another molecule to drive an endergonic reaction, typically the synthesis of ATP
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electron carriers
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