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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Splinting-

Purpose/ When
Helps protect and maintain position of an injured extremity. Unless patients life is in danger splint all fractures, dislocations before moving patient.
Urinary System

Locations of Organs
Kidneys, bladder are located in the abdomen.
Urinary System

Injuries- signs/symptoms (kidney)
fractures on either side of lower rib cage (kidney), abrasion laceration contusion in flank (kidney)
Urinary System-

Injury Urinary Bladder and Male Genitalia
blunt or penetrating force to bladder can cause rupture

sudden deceleration from motor vehicle or motorcycle crash can literally shear bladder from urethra.

male genitalia soft tissue wounds
Transporting Pregnant Patients
Patient should be carefully placed on her left side so uterus will not lie on vena cava
Atrophy
partial or complete wasting away of a body part or muscle
Muscles (types)
skeletal- also called striated muscle, attaches to bones crosses 1 joint

Smooth muscle- also called involuntary muscle not under voluntary control of brain

Cardiac muscle- specially adapted involuntary muscle with own regulatory system
Tendons and Ligaments
tendons attach directly to bone.
Direct vs Indirect Injury (mechanism)
Direct blow fractures bone at point of impact.

Indirect may cause fracture or dislocation at a distant point, as when person falls and lands on outstretched hand.
Fractures- types 4 of them
Closed fracture- if overlying skin is not damaged

Open fracture- external wound caused either by same blow that fractured bone or broken ends lacerating skin

Nondisplaced fracture- aka hairline fracture, simple crack of bone

displaced fracture- produces actual deformity, or distorting of the limb.
Sexual Assault- treatment, documentation
Do not examine genatalia of a sexual assault victim unless obivous bleeding requires dressing.

Take care to shield from onlookers

Do not speculate record only the facts, advise patient not to eat, drink, shower, etc.
Abdominal Organs- location/quadrant
RUQ
LUQ
LLQ
RLQ
RUQ- liver, gallbladder, duodenum of intestines and small portion of pancreas

LUQ- stomach occupies most, spleen, pancreas

LLQ- small and large bowel, descending colon left half of transverse colon

RLQ- portions of large and small intestines, ascending colon right half of transverse colon
Abdominal Organs- hollow-
stomach, intestines, ureters, bladder
Abdominal organs- solid
liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys.
Injuries of Organs- Hollow-
spill into peritoneal cavity (abdominal cavity) causing inflammation and possible infection. Peritonitis inflammation of peritoneum.
Injuries of Organs- Solid-
injury can cause severe and unseen hemmorhage.
Eviscerations- what are they
internal organs or fat protrude through the wound.
Eviscerations- how do we treat them
cover with sterile gauze compress moistened with sterile saline solution and secure a sterile dressing, occlusive dressing.
What is guarding? Why do we do it?
inability to use extremitiy is pateints way of immobilizing it to reduce pain. muscles around fracture contract in attempt to prevent movement of bone.
Cullen Sign- what is it? what does it mean?
bruises around the umbilicus, predictive of significant internal abdominal bleeding.
Subcutanoues emphysema- what is it? when would you see it?
When gas or air is present in the subcutaneous layer of the skin. You would see in a pneumothorax
Peritontis
Inflammation of the peritoneum due to spilling of the hollow organs into the abdominal cavity
Pleurisy
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs
Patient presentation- pulomonary contusion
usually develops within a period of hours. injury or bruising of lung tissue resulting in hemmorage. Any one with flail chest suspect it. Provide respitory support and provide adequate ventilation and supplemental o2
Patient presentation- myocardial contusion
bruising of the heart muscle, often pulse rate is irregular, suspect in all cases of severe blunt injury to chest. Patients sign can mimic heart attack, chest pain etc.
patient presentation- traumatic asphxia
Sudden increase in intrathoraic pressure, distended neck veins, cyanosis in face and neck, hemmorhage into sclera of eye .
Rib fracture- causes
very substantial MOI. penetrates into pleural space may lacerate.
Rib fracture- signs and symptoms
cracky feeling to the skin (crepitus), localized tenderness and pain when breathing. Avoid taking deep breaths, Rapid shallow breaths
Rib Fracture- patient presentation
avoid taking deep breaths, rapid shallow breaths
Flail Chest- what is it?
3 or more ribs fractured in 2 or more places or if sternum is fractured along with several ribs segment of chest is detached from rest of thoracic cage.
Flail Chest- what causes it?
significant MOI and 3 or more ribs fractured in 2 or more places causing segment to detach from rest of thoracic cage.
Flail Chest- treatment?
maintaing airway, providing respiratory support if necessary, if necessary giving supplemental oxygen, performing ongoing assessments for pneumothorax or other complications.
Hemothorax vs Pneumothorax- how does presentation differ
suspect hemothorax is patient is showing signs of shock or decreased breath sounds on affected side. Indicated compressed by blood. Suspect pneumothorax is hearing subcutaneous emphysema or sucking chest wound lung sounds.
Pneumothorax- types 4
Pneumothorax- collapsed lung, air enters hole through chest wall or surface of lung as patient attempts to breath

Spontaneous- some people born with weakend areas on surface of the lung.

Simple- difficult to diagnose, does not result in major change in patients physiology.

Tension- significant air accumulation in pleural space. Increases pressure in chest.
Pneumothorax- signs/ symptoms
Unilateral diminshed lung sounds, sucking sound
Pneumothorax- treatments
rapidly seal open wound with sterile occulsive dressing if open pneumothorax, flutter valve,
Pneumothorax- cautions
If using flutter valve careful attention so tension pneumothorax does not develop.
Mechanisms of Breathing- (ventilation) How do we breath adults?
Adults- intercostal muscles contract between ribs. Elevating and expanding rib cage. Diaphragms contracts or flattens pushing contents of abdomen down. Intrathorac pressure in chest decreases, creating negative pressure differental.