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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Election of 1960
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• John F Kennedy→ democrat (won)
o catholic o his VP was Lyndon B Johnson • Nixon→ Republican o liberals accused him of mccarthyism o Protestant o more known and more experienced • first televised presidential debates→ Nixon didn’t have a good appearance/presentation→ this influenced his popularity |
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New Frontier
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• Kennedy’s presidential goals
• liberal govmt activisim • but there was not a lot of significant social legislation during Kennedy • economic growth through military and technological spending→ not social spending • higher defense budgets • increased nuclear stockpile • congress finances the “space race” to counter SU’s advances (sputnik) o Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin • cut corporate taxes→ provides more capital for businesses to invest with • military spending, technological advances, heightened productivity • Peace corps |
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Peace Corps
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• created in 1961
• exemplified the New Frontier’s liberal anticommunism • worked in third world countries to prevent communism |
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Bay of Pigs invasion
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• 1961
• Kennedy approves a CIA plan for anti castro exiles to invade Cuba to counter Castro’s communism (Cuban revolution had taken place) • Cuban exiles attack the Bay of Pigs and try to get people to rebel and overthrow castro • it was a terrible disaster |
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Cuban missile crisis
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• 1962
• the US finds out that the SU had built Missle bases in Cuba o US freaks out b/c the US is REALLY close to Cuba • Kennedy demands that the missiles be removed→ it’s a threat to world peace • threatened to quarantine Cuba and impose a naval blockade if the SU didn’t comply • Khrushchev (leader of SU) • US freaks out→ scared that Cuba and the SU will shoot at them→ it could lead to a nuclear war • SU attacks the US’ embargo • eventually Khrushchev promised to remove the missiles if the US pledged to not invade Cuba and withdrawal missiles from Turkey • Cuban missile crisis accelerates the arms race between US and SU for 25 years • Cuban missile crisis confirms American belief that the US needs nuclear superiority in order to prevent war with Russia |
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Kennedy assassination (Nov. 22, 1963
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• Lee Harvey Oswald shoots Kennedy and LBJ becomes president
• his death was very dramatic b/c it was televised and people saw it |
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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
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• interracial protest group for black rights founded in 1942
• organized a “freedom ride” in the deep south o a bunch of black people rode on the integrated bus (this was after brown vrs board) o meant to show how violent white opposition to integration was o succeeded by arousing white resentment→ meant to try to provoke whites o freedom riders were beaten and their bus was burned o JFK dispatches federal troops to end the violence o JFK pressures the ICC to enforce Brown v Board |
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
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• group of black protesters who emphasized nonviolent civil disobedience to protest
• started a protest in Albany Georgia to desegregate public facilities |
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Birmingham protests
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• MLK tries to provoke a confrontation that would expose the violent extremism of southern white racism
• Birmingham is one of the most rigidly segregated cities • MLK initiates sit ins and marches in Birmingham • MLK and other protesters get jailed • MLK writes Letter from Birmingham Jail |
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Bull Connor
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• tried to crush MLK’s Birmingham protests and the black movement
• unleashed men armed with electric cattle prods and water hoses to attack MLK’s protesters • the ferocity of his attacks horrified the people watching it on television |
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Gov. George Wallace
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• refused to allow two black students to enter the University of Alabama
• JFK forced him to follow a court desegregation order afterwards |
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March on Washington,
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• 1963
• MLK leads ¼ a million people to march on washington (some included whites) to protest black rights • largest political assembly to date • MLK gives his I have a Dream speech |
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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• LBJ
• banned racial discrimination and segregation in public accommodations • outlawed racial bias in federally funded programs • granted the fed. govmt powers to fight school segregation • forbade discrimination in employment • created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to enforce the act |
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Mississippi Freedom Summer Project (1964)
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• CORE and SNCC activists gather in Missisippi (one of the most segregated places) to help register black voters
• KKK attacked the CORE and SCNCC activists • registered a lot of blacks to join the Missisippi Freedom Democratic Party→ LBJ refused to seat the MFDP→ eventually he compromised and seated two of them → southern segregationists get really mad |
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Voting Rights Act (1965)
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• invalidated the use of literacy tests
• boosts number of black voters |
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riots of summer 1965
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• most destructive race riot ignites in LA
• for six days 50,000 blacks looted shops and destroyed white owned businesses • happened in largest black district in LA • blacks in Chicago rioted and looted and burned too • Detroit suffered from race riots • blacks turn to race riots to overthrow a racist and reactionary society→ tensions between whites and blacks |
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Black Power movement
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• blacks campaign for immediate social change
• cry of frustration and fury • very radical • led by Nation of Islam and Elijah Muhammad o branch of Islam (but not legitimate Islam) that thought an evil scientist named Jacob created white people o the original people were dark skinned o white people were created to oppress black people o blacks were the original people o black nationalism-→ said white people were not human beings o integration is bad→ wanted a separate black society from white people • Malcolm X→ very charismatic black leader of black power movement o believed violent means could be used to achieve black rights (anti MLK) o 1964→ takes a pilgrimage to Mecca • realized real islam religion is good for blacks not the nation of islam o forms organization of afro American unity • embraces peace more • all whites aren’t evil by nature • blacks don’t have to completely isolate themselves • goes against Nation of Islam • trusts whites more • he broke from the nation of islam after the pilgrammage • Nation of islam is mad for Malcolm X’s betrayal • Nation of Islam shoots Malcolm X |
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Black Panther Party for Self-Defense
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• SNCC expels white people and becomes just black
• 1966→ Black Panther Party for Self Defense o more militant o descended from SNCC o military organization→ carries weapons around for defense o called for immediate equality o black exemption from the draft o govmt health care for blacks o more militant and walked around with guns→ move violent • so govmt was very wary of them • govmt goes after the black panthers in 1968 and threw their leaders in jail • govmt squashes the organization |
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King assassination
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• MLK gets killed in 1968
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Johnson's "war on poverty"
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• LBJ passes TONS of social legislation during his presidency
• tries to eliminate poverty- declares a “war on poverty” • lots of liberal legislation- like the New Deal |
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Economic Opportunity Act (1964)
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• to promote greater opportunity
• established the Office of Economic Opportunity to fight poverty • helped pass other anti poverty legislation→ Job Corps, VISTA, Head Start |
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Job Corps
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• trained young people in marketable skills (job skills) to help them get a job
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VISTA
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• Volunteers in Service to America
• domestic peace corps |
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Head Start
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• provided free compensatory education for preschoolers from disadvantaged families
• kindergarten for the disadvantaged |
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the "Great Society"
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• series of social legislation passed under LBJ to fight poverty racism and help environment
• Economic Opportunity Act • Elementary and Secondary Education Act→ provided federal funding for schools • Immigration and Naturalization Act→ forbade immigration quotas • Air Quality Act→ set emission max rates for factories • Water Quality Act→ set standards to control water pollution • National Endowment for the Humanities and Arts→ provided govmt grants to support the arts • Civil Rights Act-→ bans discrimination in public accommodations • Voting Rights Act→ suspends literacy tests from voting • Medicare→ medical insurance for the elderly • Medicaid→ medical insurance for the poor • National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act→ first federal safety standards for cars |
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24th Amendment
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• forbade poll taxes
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election of 1964
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• Barry Goldwater→ Republican
o anti Great Society o anti LBJ and liberalism • LBJ→ Democrat o he got a lot of southerners to switch to being republican b/c he was for racial equality and radical social legislation • George Wallace→ segregationist • LBJ wins a landslide victory |
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Justice Thurgood Marshall
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• Supreme court’s first black justice appointed under LBJ
• again…this supports LBJ’s liberal agenda |
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the Warren Court
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• liberal court that helped expand individual rights to everybody
• led by Chief Justice Earl Warren • helped promote LBJ’s liberal agenda |
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Miranda v. Arizona (1965)
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• ruled that police must warn all suspects that anything they say can be used against them in court and that they can choose to remain silent
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American Indian Movement (AIM)
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• 1968→ Indians get inspired by LBJ’s liberal social legislation→ create an American Indian movement
• goal was to protect the traditional ways of NAs, prevent police harassment, and establish Indian schools to teach Indian tradition and values • staged a sustained protest on Alcatraz Island • encouraged Indians to be proud of their heritage |
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Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers (UFW)
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• Hispanics advocate for their rights too
• Chavez uses religion and nonviolence to fight for social change • organized strikes • organized consumer boycotts • civil rights and social justice for Hispanics • set an example for the future Hispanic movements that would follow |
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National Organization for Women (NOW)
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• feminist movement revives in the 1960’s
• women still received less pay and suffered inequality in the workplace • Betty Friedan, Bella Abzug, Aileen Hernandez and others form NOW • civil rights group for women • equal opportunity, filed lawsuits against gender discrimination |
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Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique
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• Friedan’s book that deplored the narrow view that women should seek fulfillment solely as wives and mothers
• women can be more than just homemakers |
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Women's Liberation Movement
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• women’s liberation groups start to form during the 1960’s
• generated publicity for women’s rights and equality in education and the workplace • protested that Miss America was degrading to women • established shelters for abused women, day care centers, rape crisis centers, abortion counseling services |
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Vietnam
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• buildup under Eisenhower and Kennedy, entered the war under LBJ, ended under Nixon
• Vietcong, Ho Chi Minh and Diem • Kennedy orders massive US army support to south vietnam and increased American forces • Kennedy tried to stop Vietnam from going communist (domino theory) |
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National Liberation Front (the Vietcong)
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• regime in charge of North Vietnam
• got support from China and SU (communist countries) • fought a war of attrition against the US and South Vietnam • they won the war |
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Tankin Gulf Incident
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• US has warships near Vietnam
• its believed Nroth Vietnam shot down our navy but there’s no proof • North Vietnam allegedly attacks our navy • LBJ increases military activity against Vietnam • US unofficially goes to war with N Vietnam (there was no congressional vote to go to war)-→ illegal war? |
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Operation Rolling Thunder
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• first major US bombing mission in North Vietnam
• US used its air force a lot in Vietnam→ bombings especially |
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carpet-bombings
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• used napalm to bomb the Vietnamese
• napalm stuck to its victims and burned them • new technologies |
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Agent Orange
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• hazardous chemical bomb that the US dropped on the Vietnamese
• caused cancer in US soldiers and Vietnamese • really bad for the environment • it was outlawed eventually |
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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• Vietcong used the Ho Chi Minh trail to escape the US
• the trail cut through Laos and other peaceful countries • the US didn’t want to spread the war into peaceful countries so the Vietcong used the trail to hide and get away |
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"hawks" vs. "doves"
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• Hawks→ pro Vietnamese war
• Doves→ anti war |
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Tet Offensive
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• 1968
• Vietcong and N Vietnamese army launch a surprise attack on S Vietnam • took over southern cities and attacked villages • US fights them back and successfully drives the N Vietnamese out of South Vietnam • Successful counter offense • media dramatizes the killings • b/c of this LBJ’s popularity decreases |
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Mylai Massacre
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• US army massacres south Vietnamese civilians b/c they thought they were hiding the Vietcong
• extremely bad publicity for the US • television watchers are horrified |
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Youth Movement
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• baby boomer generation causes number of people going to college to rise during the 1960’s
• half the US population was under 30 • college students protest the Vietnam war the most • hippies, rebellion, challenging society • idolized mavericks like MLK and rebels |
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Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
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• formed by college students
• envisioned a nonviolent youth movement to transform the US into a “participatory democracy” where people will directly control the govmt decisions that affect them o such a society will value love rather than materialism militarism and racism • “Make love not war” • organized sit ins and protests and marches • supported draft resistance and civil disobedience • “Hell no we won’t go” |
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Berkeley Free Speech Movement (1964)
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• Mario Santo and other student activists try to recruit new volunteers and get funds for their student activist group
• the university banned such practices • Santo starts the Berkeley Free Speech Movement o coalition of student groups that insisted on the right to practice political activity on campus • reflects hippiness of the 1960’s • students protest and have sit ins to protest this • free speech! |
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Kent State shootings (April, 1970)
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• Nixon orders US troops to invade Cambodia (b/c he thinks the Vietcong and N Vietnamese were hiding there)
• student activist groups are outraged • Kent State University→ students stage a massive violent protest against Cambodia • Ohio Governor calls in the national guard to stop the kent state protests o killed some students |
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Jackson State shootings (May, 1970)
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• Mississippi state patrolmen fired into a women’s dormitory at Jackson State which killed 2 black students
• students respond with strikes that caused 400 colleges to close down |
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hippies
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• peace, love, happiness
• protested Vietnam war • liberation from social rules • drugs and marijuana and LSD • nature • young people • lots of sex • 1960’s • created a “counter culture” |
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Woodstock festival
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1969
• 400 young people gather at Woodstock Festival • celebrated their vision of freedom and harmony • for 3 days they had rock music performances and did drugs and had sex • counterculture • HIPPIES |
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Stonewall Riots
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1969
• gay liberation movement happens also • gay patrons at the Stonewall Inn (gay bar) fought back a NYC police raid • triggered a sense of gay pride and gay activism • Gay liberation movement begins |
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Election of 1968
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• Nixon→ Republican→ won
• Hubert Humphrey→ Democrat • Wallace→ Independent • south really breaks away from the democrats • Bobby kennedy was going to run for the democrats but he got assassinated by an Islamic assassin who hated Kennedy’s pro Israeli views |
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Democratic National Convention, Chicago
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• hippies and yuppies invade Chicago to protest the Vietnam war during the democratic national convention
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Yippies
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• anarchists
• Youth International Party headed by counter culture (hippie) guru Abbie Hoffman |
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Richard Nixon
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• involved in HUAC investigation for Alger Hiss
• Foreign policy goals o stop SU expansionism and reduce conflicts between superpowers o limit nuclear arms race o planned to get the US out of Vietnam • Got the US out of vietnam • Détente with China and SU • Six Day War and Arab Oil Embargo • Chile crisis • Watergate |
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Nixon Doctrine
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• 1969
• redefined America’s role in the third world • America will be a helpful partner to third world countries rather than a military protector • this is a lot different than past president’s goals in the third world • he’s trying to get us out of Vietnam and world conflict- we’re so tried of fighting • nations facing communism attacks can turn to US for support but they must defend themselves • American military supply sales jump after the doctrine |
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My Lai massacre
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• American army unit under Lieutenant William Calley massacred several hundred south Vietnamese people
• raped girls and shot civilians • example of war atrocities • extremely bad publicity • televisions politicized this event→ people are outraged → lots of pressure to end the war |
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Nixon’s attempts to get us out of Vietnam
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• Vietnamization
o nixon’s plan to replace American troops with south Vietnamese troops o train south Vietnamese to fight for themselves o 1972→ US forces in Vietnam decrease dramatically o but the policy was not effective • Kissinger o Nixon sends Kissinger to secretly negogiate with North Vietnam’s foreign minister Le Duc Tho o Nixon ignores the fact that the south Vietnamese feared negotiating with the north Vietnamese • Nixon increases US bombings in North Vietnam and on their supply routes in Cambodia and Laos to get the North Vietnamese to compromise o but this wasn’t effective either o it provoked a civil war between pro americans and communists in Vietnam |
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Khmer Rouge
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• Cambodian communists
• North Vietnam supported the Khmer Rouge • 1970→ N Vietnam increased its infiltration of troops in Cambodia to aid the Khmer Rouge and escalate the war with S Vietnam • in response Nixon orders a US and S Vietnamese attack on Cambodia in 1970 o this ended Cambodia’s neutrality and spread the war throughout Indochina • After the war ends in 1973 the Khmer Rouge took power in Cambodia and killed 40% of the population |
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Cambodia
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• Khmer Rouge→ Cambodian communists are allied with the N Vietnamese
• in response Nixon orders a US and S Vietnamese attack on Cambodia in 1970 o this ended Cambodia’s neutrality and spread the war throughout Indochina |
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Laos
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• 1970→ Nixon orders the S Vietnamese troops to invade Laos and destroy the communist bases there and restrict the flow of supplies from N Vietnam
• N Vietnamese kick the S Vietnamese attackers out of laos |
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Easter Offensive
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• 1972
• b/c the N Vietnamese were successful in Laos they started the Easter Offensive • largest N Vietnamese success since tet offensive • N Vietnamese invade S Vietnam again and destroy it • Nixon responsed by bombing N Vietnam’s harbors and bombing their cities |
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Kissinger’s negotiation
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• 1972→ Kissinger announces that he had secretly negotiated a cease fire with Le Duc Tho
o required the withdrawl of all US troops o return of all American prisoners of war o allowed N Vietnamese troops to remain in south Vietnam o the communists won and communism remains in Vietnam • South Vietnam’s president Thieu refused to sign the cease fire b/c N Vietnamese troops would remain in S Vietnam o Le Duc Tho presses Kissinger for additional concessions o Nixon responds by bombing N Vietnam again→ bombed Hanoi and Haiphong→ most destructive bombing of the war o Nixon reassures Thieu that the US will attack N Vietnam if they harm S Vietnam • since Kissinger ended the war before Nixon’s election Nixon became popular and won reelection |
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Paris Accords
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• 1973→ ends US involvement in Vietnam war
• but N and S Vietnam are still fighting in a stalemate war • withdrawl of US troops • return of American prisoners of war • allowed N Vietnamese troops to remain in S Vietnam • communists win • ended hostilities between US and N Vietnam |
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Détente
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• Détente→ the easing of relations and hostilities between countries
• Nixon tries to achieve détente with communist powers • US creates new relationships with SU and China→ tries to leave the cold war behind |
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Détente with China
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• Kissinger leads secret negotiations with Beijing
• 1971→ Nixon announces that he’s going to the People’s Republic of China to normalize US relations with China • Nixon becomes the first president to visit China • US and China start new diplomatic relations Nixon recognizes the People's Republic of China as legitimate - no longer "Red China" |
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Détente with the SU
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• 1972→ Nixon goes to Moscow to sign agreements with the SU on trade, technological corporation, and nuclear weapon limitation
• Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) o 1972→ limited the SU and US to a limited number of nuclear weapons and forbade nuclear missiles for 5 years o strategic equality rather than nuclear superiority o reduced SU and US tensions and enhanced Nixon’s popularity in the next election |
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Six Day War
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• 1967→ Israeli forces fought with Arabs in Egypt Jordan and Syria
• Israelis seize strategic territories from arabs • Arabs continue to refuse to recognize Israel’s legitimacy • example of how the world is still unstable despite détente |
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Palestinian Liberation Organization
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• Arab militant organization that demanded Israel’s destruction
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Arab oil embargo
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• 1973→ Egypt and Syria launch a surprise attack on Israel in response to Six Day War
• US shipped military supplies to Israel to help them fight the Arabs • Arab states cut off oil shipments to the US (oil embargo) and its allies in response • embargo lasted 5 months • dramatized US dependence on foreign energy sources • created fuel shortages and increased coal production and encouraged the US to build more nuclear power plants • oil price rises • oil imports from Alaska increase • energy crisis |
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Shuttle Diplomacy
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• Kissinger engages in Shuttle Diplomacy
• Kissinger flies to Mid Eastern countries for two years and negotiates a cease fire between Arab countries and Israel • Israel must give back the territories gained in the Six Day War to the Arabs • persuaded the Arabs to end the oil embargo |
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Nixon and countering SU influence
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• Nixon supplies arms and assistance to the shah of Iran, white supremacist regime of South Africa, and Philippines
• based American aid on a nation’s willingness to oppose the SU o so they gave aid to anti democratic places like Argentina Brazil Nigeria South Korea |
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Salvador Allende
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• Chileans elect Allende (Marxist) for president in 1970
• Nixon secretly gives 10 million to the CIA to fund opponents of Allende • US cuts off economic aid to Chile • US blocked banks from granting loans to Chile • 1973→ Chile overthrows Allende and killed him • Nixon responds by sending economic aid and investment to Chile again • Nixon’s active opposition to Allende reflected the extent to which the American policy remained committed to containing communism |
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Apollo 11 Eagle
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• Nixon 1969
• first successful manned mission to the moon • US launched it • Neil Armstrong becomes the first man on the moon • Buzz Aldrin also • by 1973 five more American missions went to the moon • 1975→ US and SU spacecraft meet in space and conducted joint research together o space race ends with US and SU cooperation |
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Environmental Movement
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• Nixon
• 1969-> TV publicizes the polluted Cuyahoga River near Cleveland which literally burst into flames • Oil spills off the coast of CA • Barry Commoner’s “Science and Survival” 1966 → book about the hazards of nuclear wastes and chemical pollution • Paul Ehrlich’s “The Population Bomb” 1968→ dangers of overpopulation • new laws on pesticides, endangered species • first Earth Day celebrated in 1970 |
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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• enforced health and safety standards in the workpace
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Environmental Protection Agency
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• formed under Nixon
• consumer product safety • established maximum levels for emissions of pollutants into the air • created Occupational Safety and Health Administration • overaw environmental regulations and restrictions |
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Family Assistance Plan
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• 1969→ Nixon
• proposed a guaranteed minimum annual income for all Americans • it didn’t pass b/c conservatives disliked the fact that it would cost a lot |
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Stagflation/Nixonomics
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• Johnson’s Great Society and Vietnam War creates a ton of debt
• Nixon has to deal with it • inflation happens • energy prices increase b/c of Arab Embargo • Nixon cuts govmt spending and encourages Federal Reserve Board to raise interest rates • first recession since Eisenhower happens • sparked a wave of strikes • Largest budged deficit since WWII since Nixon is deficit spending to counter the recession |
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Nixon fights militants
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• govmt fights against militants like the Black Panthers
• IRS inspected their tax returns, Small Business Association denied them loans, National Security Agency wiretapped them • CIA illegally investigated documents about thousands of American citizens • Justice department prosecutes anti war activists and black radicals • Nixon drew up an “enemies list” • anti war movement • Huston Plan |
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Huston Plan
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• Nixon
• extensive wiretapping and infiltrating of radical organizations by White House operatives • breaking into the homes of radical militants to gather evidence • part of his anti war movement • FBI resists this plan |
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Pentagon Papers
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• Daniel Ellsberg→ anti war person
• Ellsbergo leaks govmt documents to the public and publishes them in the NY times • documents talk about the US history of why they went to Vietnam→ made the US seem like they only went into Vietnam to seem tough against communism→ not for real reasons • makes Nixon and the US look bad for anti war people • Supreme court rules that the NY times is allowed to publish the pentagon papers • Nixon responds by sending the plumbers after Ellsberg |
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The Plumbers
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• Nixon creates his own group “The plumbers” to discredit people who are against his anti militant movement
o headed by former FBI agent G Gordon Liddy and CIA operative E Howard Hunt o plumbers attack Daniel Ellsberg who leaked the Pentagon Papers o Nixon directs the plumbers to break into the office of Ellsberg’s psychiatrist to search for information to discredit Ellsberg |
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Swann versus Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education
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• upheld that busing students to other schools in order to desegregate is constitutional and necessary
• Nixon tries to gain the support of white southerners for the next election→ Nixon condemns the ruling and asks congress to forbid bussing in order to desegregate o tried to appease white parents who don’t want their kids to be integrated |
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Burger Court
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• Nixon is still trying to gain voter support from the south
• Nixon appoints Warren Burger to be chief justice of the supreme corut • Burger court is more moderate than the liberal Warren Court • shifted more towards the right on issues like civil liberties and police power |
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Election of 1972
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• Nixon→ popular b/c he got us out of Vietnam → Republican
• George McGovern→ Democrats o income redistribution, decriminalization of marijuana, withdrawal from Vietnam, defense budget cuts • Nixon wins especially because he targeted southerners and won their support |
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Watergate
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• Committee to Re Elect the President (CREEP)→ headed by John Mitchell→ Nixon established it to win the election
• Liddy and Hunt lead a republican under cover team to spy on the democrats o wiretapped telephones at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the Watergate apartment complex in Washington • CREEP people break into Watergate hotel and get caught spying on the democrats • Nixon tries to cover it up→ orders FBI and CIA to halt investigations of the Watergate break in gave out hush money to people who knew the truth • Nixon covers Watergate up in time to get elected • Federal Judge Maximum John Sirica gets James McCord of CREEP to confess that white house aids had know about the Watergate break in Special Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities • established in 1973 in response to Watergate • investigated Watergate • eventually they start investigating the white house and nixon’s administration • Nixon’s administration start to resign b/c they don’t want to be scapegoats • SCPCA starts a televised investigation of Watergate breakin o revealed the white house “enemies list”, presidential use of govmt agencies to harass opponents, illegal campaign donations o exposed White house involvement in Watergate break in and cover up • eventually another presidential aid confessed that it was Nixon who led Watergate • Gerald Ford becomes Nixon’s VP after Agnew was charged with accepting bribes • 1974→ nixon is forced to release the tapes of their conversations after the Watergate break in |
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House Judiciary Committee
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• ordered Nixon to release the tapes of the conversations after the Watergate break in
• adopted 3 articles of impeachment for Nixon o obstructing justice for impeding the Watergate investigation o abuse of power for his use of the FBI and IRS to cover up Watergate o contempt of congress for refusing to obey orders to release the tapes • Nixon resigns before they can impeach him |
