Ch. 22A Respiratory

Front 1

#1 The respiratory system contains what 2 zones

Back 1

Respiratory and conducting zones

Front 2

#2 What are the main function of the respiratory zone

Back 2

Site of gas exchange

Front 3

#3 What 3 structures make up the respiratory zone

Back 3

Bronchioles, Alveolar ducts and alveoli

Front 4

#4 What is the main function of the conducting zone

Back 4

Passage way for air and carbon dioxide

Front 5

#5 What is the main respiratory muscle

Back 5

Diaphragm

Front 6

#6 The conducting zone consists of what respiratory structures

Back 6

Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, etc. All portions where gas exchange DOES NOT occure

Front 7

#7 What is the major function of the respiratory system

Back 7

Supply body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

Front 8

#8 What are the 4 distinct processes of respiration

Back 8

Pulmonary centilation, external respiration, transport, and internal respiration

Front 9

#9 What is pulmonary ventilation

Back 9

moving air into and out of the lungs

Front 10

#10 What is external respiration

Back 10

Gas exchange between the lungs and blood

Front 11

#11 What is transport

Back 11

Transport of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and tissues

Front 12

What is internal respiration

Back 12

Gas exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues

Front 13

#13 What is the only external and visible part of the respiratory system

Back 13

Nose

Front 14

#15 What are the functions of the nose

Back 14

Airway for respiration, moistening and warming the entering air, filtering and cleaning of foreign matter, resonating chamber of speech, and housing olfactory receptors

Front 15

#15 What are the two regions of the nose

Back 15

External nose including root, bridge, dorsum nasi and apex and internal nasal cavity

Front 16

#16 Where is the philtrum located

Back 16

The shallow groove between nose and upper lip

Front 17

#17 What is the structure of the nasal cavity

Back 17

Its divided by nasal septum, opens posteriorly into nasal pharynx, the roof is formed by the ethmoid and sphenoid bones and floor is formed by hard and soft palates

Front 18

#18 What is the vestibule

Back 18

Nasal cavity superior to the nares

Front 19

#19 What are the vibrissae

Back 19

Hairs the filter coarse particles

Front 20

#20 What are the functions of the olfactory mucosa

Back 20

Lines the superior nasal cavity (roof and superior conchae) and contains smell receptors

Front 21

#21 What are the 3 filters in the nose

Back 21

Coarse, Medium, and Small

Front 22

#22 What does the Coarse filter

Back 22

Bigger objects in weight ex Bug

Front 23

#23 What does the medium filter

Back 23

Dust, Pollen, animal dander

Front 24

#24 What does the small filter

Back 24

Bacteria

Front 25

#25 Describe the respiratory mucosa

Back 25

lines nasal cavity, ciliated psuedistratified epithelium, glands secreting lysozyme and defensins, lots of goblet cells and contains medium and small particle filters

Front 26

#26 What happens in the inspired air in the nasal cavity

Back 26

Humidified and warmed

Front 27

#27 What are the 3 conchae

Back 27

Superior, medial, and inferior

Front 28

#28 What are the functions of the conchae

Back 28

Increase mucosal area, enhance air turbulence and help filter air

Front 29

#29 What triggers sneezing

Back 29

Sensitive mucosa when stimluated by irritating particles

Front 30

#30 What are the purpose of the sinuses

Back 30

Lighten skull and help to warm and moisten air

Front 31

#31 The Pharynx is divided into what 3 regions

Back 31

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharnyx

Front 32

#32 Name 2 structure descirptions of the nasopharynx

Back 32

Strictly an air passageway and lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 33

#33 What are some of the functions nasopharynx

Back 33

closes during swallowing, pharyngeal tonsil lie high on posterior wall, and auditory tubes open into lateral walls

Front 34

#34 Name the 3 things about the Oropharynx

Back 34

Serve as common passageway for food and air, palatine tonsils lie in the lateral walls, and lingual tonsils cover base of tongue

Front 35

#35 What is the structure of the laryngopharynx

Back 35

Lies posterior to the upright epiglottis and extens to larynx where the respiratory and digestive pathways split

Front 36

#36 Whats another name of the voice box

Back 36

Larynx

Front 37

#37 Name 3 functions of the larynx

Back 37

Provide patent airway, acts as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels and voice production

Front 38

#38 Name the 3 main cartilages of the larynx

Back 38

Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid

Front 39

#39 What is the epiglottis

Back 39

Elastic cartilage that covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing

Front 40

#40 The vocal ligaments are composed of elastic fibers that form mucosal folds called what

Back 40

True vocal cords

Front 41

#41 What vibrates to produce sound as air rushes up from the lungs

Back 41

True vocal cords

Front 42

#42 True or false: False vocal cords produce sound

Back 42

False

Front 43

#43 What determines pitch

Back 43

Length and tension of vocal cords

Front 44

#44 What determines he loudness

Back 44

The force of air which rushes across the vocal cords

Front 45

#45 True or False: Larnyx is opened during coughing, sneezing and valsalva's maneuver

Back 45

False

Front 46

#46 What is Valsalva's Maneuver

Back 46

Bearing down to Poop

Front 47

#47 What are the 3 layers of the trachea

Back 47

Mucosa, submucosa, Adventita

Front 48

#48 What marks the end of the trachea

Back 48

Carina (last tracheal cartilage)

Front 49

#49 What does the bronchi subdivide into

Back 49

Secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe of the lungs

Front 50

#50 What are the structural changes of the bronchial tree

Back 50

More smooth muscle, less cartilage

Front 51

#51 What type of epithelium makes up the bronchioles

Back 51

Cuboidal

Front 52

#52 True or false: Bronchioles consist of all cartilage

Back 52

False

Front 53

#53 In what order is the respiratory zone?

Back 53

1- Respiratory bronchioles to alveolar ducts
2-Alveolar ducts to terminal clusters of alveolar sacs composed of alveoli

Front 54

#54 True or False; Repsiratory zone is where gas exchange occurs

Back 54

True

Front 55

#55 Respirartory membrane is an air-blood barrier composed of what

Back 55

Alevolar and capillary wall, and their fused basal laminas

Front 56

#56 What is the alveolar walls

Back 56

Single layer type I epiethial cells and permit gas exchange by simple diffusion

Front 57

#57 Type II cells secret surfactant but don't do what?

Back 57

Exchange gas

Front 58

#58 What are alveoli surrounded by

Back 58

Fine elastic fibers

Front 59

#59 Alveoli contain open pores that do what?

Back 59

Connect adjacent alveoli and alow air pressure throughout the lungs to be equalized

Front 60

#60 House macrophages that keepalveolar surfaces sterile are also called what

Back 60

Dust cells

Front 61

#61 What are the parts of the lung

Back 61

Root, costal surface, apex, base and hilus

Front 62

#62 How many lobes does the left lung have

Back 62

2

Front 63

#63 How many lobes does the right lung have

Back 63

3

Front 64

#64 How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung

Back 64

10

Front 65

#65 The lungs are perfused by what 2 circulations

Back 65

Pulmonary and bronchial

Front 66

#66 What do pulmonary arteries do in the lungs

Back 66

systemic venous blood to be oxygenated

Front 67

#67 What do pulmonary veins do in the lungs

Back 67

Carry oxygenated blood from respiratory zones to the heart

Front 68

#68 What do bronchial arteries supply to the lung tissue

Back 68

Systemic blood

Front 69

#69 What is pleurae

Back 69

Thin, double layered serosa

Front 70

#70 What is the partial pleurae

Back 70

Covers thoracic wall and superior surface of the diaphragm, continues around heart and between lungs

Front 71

#71 What makes the lungs friction free

Back 71

Pleurae

Front 72

#72 Inspiartion is what

Back 72

Air into the lungs

Front 73

#73 Expiration is what

Back 73

Gases out of the lungs

Front 74

#74 What is another name for a collapsed lung

Back 74

Pneumothorax

Front 75

#75 What cause a collapsed lung

Back 75

The equalization of intrapleural pressure with the intrapulmonary pressure

Front 76

#76 What does pulmonary ventilation provide

Back 76

Air to Alveoli

Front 77

#77 What is Boyle's law

Back 77

More volume of gas, more pressure on wall (relationship between pressure and volume of gases)

Front 78

#78 What causes inspiration

Back 78

The diaphragm and external inercostal muscles contract and the rib cage rises

Front 79

#79 What causes expiration

Back 79

Inspiratory muscles relax and rib cage descends due to gravity

Front 80

#80 What is the major nonelastic source of resistance to airflow

Back 80

Friction

Front 81

#81 The equation for friction is what

Back 81

F= P/R

Front 82

#82 When airway resistance rises what becomes more strenuous

Back 82

Breahting movements

Front 83

#83 What can happen to severly obstructed or constricted bronchioles

Back 83

Prevent life sustaining ventilation, also can occur during asthma attacks

Front 84

#84 What can dilate bronchioles and reduce air resistance

Back 84

Epinephrine

Front 85

#85 What helps prevent to alveoli from collapsing

Back 85

Surfactant (detergent like complex)

Front 86

#86 What is lung compliance also known as

Back 86

Stretchablility, the ease with which the lungs can be expanded

Front 87

#87 What 2 factors diminsh lung compliance

Back 87

Scar tissue and reduced production of surfactant