Chapter 22 Respiratory System

Front 1

what is the goal of respiration?

Back 1

to supply body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

Front 2

what are the four main parts of respiration?

Back 2

-pulmonary ventilation
-external respiration
-transport of respiratory gases
-internal (cellular) respiration

Front 3

what is pulmonary ventilation?

Back 3

breathing

Front 4

what is external respiration?

Back 4

moving the gas between the lungs and the blood stream

Front 5

how is the transport of respiratory gases accomplished?

Back 5

the circulatory system

Front 6

what does the internal (cellular) respiration do?

Back 6

takes oxygen out of the blood and get it in to the muscles

Front 7

where is the respiratory zone, where the gas exchange occurs?

Back 7

-respiratory bronchioles
-alveolar ducts
-alveoli

Front 8

what is the conducting zone?

Back 8

the conduit for air, clease, humidify, warm

Front 9

what is the "vestibule" (part of the nose and paranasal sinuses)

Back 9

lined with vibrissae (hairs) for filtering

Front 10

what lines the superior portion of the nasal cavity?

Back 10

olfactory epithelium

Front 11

what is most of the nasal cavity lined with?

Back 11

respiratory mucosa-pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 12

where does the contaminated mucous from the nasal cavity go?

Back 12

to the pharynx

Front 13

what enzyme does mucous have?

Back 13

lysozyme

Front 14

what are serous glands?

Back 14

water fluid containing enzymes/defensins

Front 15

what do the vascular plexuses do?

Back 15

warm the air before it enters the body

Front 16

what is the nasal mucosa supplied with? and what do they trigger?

Back 16

supplied with sensory nerve endings; the trigger sneeze if they come in contact with irritating particle

Front 17

why are the bones of the face hollow?

Back 17

to make the skull lighter

Front 18

what is rhinitis?

Back 18

inflammation of the nasal mucosa

Front 19

what is sinusitis?

Back 19

inflammation of the sinuses

Front 20

what is the pharynx?

Back 20

connects nasal cavityand mouth to larynx and esophagus

Front 21

what is the nasopharynx?

Back 21

-an air cavity
-soft palate and uvula prevent food entrance
-pharyngeal tonsil
-tubal tonsils surround auditory tubes

Front 22

what is the oropharynx?

Back 22

-stratified squamous epithelium
-palatine tonsils
-lingual tonsil

Front 23

what is the laryngopharynx?

Back 23

-common pathway for food and air
-stratified squamous eptihelium
-directly posterior to upright epiglottis
-extends to larynx
-posteriorly is continuous with esophagus

Front 24

when we're not swallowing, the esophagus is....

Back 24

collapsed

Front 25

the larynx is superiorly attached to the..

Back 25

hyoid bone

Front 26

what are the functions of the larynx?

Back 26

-patent airway
-routing food and air
-houses vocal cords

Front 27

cilia in the larynx beats _____.

Back 27

upward

Front 28

during swallowing, the larynx is pulled _____ so epiglottis ____ ____ _____.

Back 28

superiorly; closes off larynx

Front 29

what are the three layers to the wall of the trachea?

Back 29

-mucosa (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium): goblet cells that secret mucous
-submucosa: seromucous glands
-adventitia: reinforced by c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Front 30

look at slide 13

Back 30

if memorized go on, if not, incorrect

Front 31

which side of the lungs is the more common site for inhaled objects?

Back 31

the right primary bronchi

Front 32

how many orders of branching in the lungs are there?

Back 32

23

Front 33

what are the descending order of the respiratory zone?

Back 33

-terminal bronchiole
-respiratory bronchiole
-alveolar ducts
-alveolar sacs containing alveoli

Front 34

alveoli provides ___ ____ ____ for gas exchange

Back 34

large surface area

Front 35

gas exchange occurs by what in the respiratory membrane?

Back 35

simple diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane

Front 36

what is the Hilus (mediastinal surface)?

Back 36

where vessels leave and enter each lung

Front 37

what is the pleurae?

Back 37

thin, double-layered serosa

Front 38

parietal serosa covers what?

Back 38

thoracic wall and diaphragm

Front 39

what covers the external lung surface?

Back 39

visceral or pulmonary pleura

Front 40

what does the pleurae produce?

Back 40

lubricating pleural fluid that fills pleural cavity

Front 41

what is PLEURISY?

Back 41

inflammation of pleurae
-due to infection or wounds in the lungs: causes a lot of pain: the lungs ridgedly move in and out