Ch. 19 Heart & Neck Vessels

Front 1

angina pectoris

Back 1

acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply

Front 2

aortic regurgitation

Back 2

(aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole

Front 3

aortic stenosis

Back 3

calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

Front 4

aortic valve

Back 4

the left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta

Front 5

apex of the heart

Back 5

tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space

Front 6

apical impulse

Back 6

(point of maximal impulse, PMI) pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line

Front 7

base of the heart

Back 7

broader area of heart's outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal space

Front 8

bell (of the stethoscope)

Back 8

cup-shaped endpiece used for soft low-pitched heart sounds

Front 9

bradycardia

Back 9

slow heart rate, <50 bpm in the adult

Front 10

clubbing

Back 10

bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

Front 11

coarctation of aorta

Back 11

severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congential heart defect

Front 12

cor pulmonale

Back 12

right ventricular hypertropy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension

Front 13

cyanosis

Back 13

dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

Front 14

diaphragm (of the stethoscope)

Back 14

flat endpiece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds

Front 15

diastole

Back 15

the heart's filling phase

Front 16

dyspnea

Back 16

difficult, labored breathing

Front 17

edema

Back 17

swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased interstitial fluid

Front 18

Erb's point

Back 18

traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space

Front 19

first heart sound (S1)

Back 19

occurs with the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves signaling the beginning of systole

Front 20

fourth heart sound (S4)

Back 20

(S4 gallop; atrial gallop) very soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late diastole

Front 21

gallop rhythm

Back 21

the addition of a 3rd or 4th heart sound makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse

Front 22

inching

Back 22

technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds

Front 23

LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy)

Back 23

increase in the thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction (e.g. aortic stenosis)

Front 24

MCL (midclavicular line)

Back 24

imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax

Front 25

mitral regurgitation

Back 25

(mitral insufficiency) incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into left atrium during systole

Front 26

mitral stenosis

Back 26

calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole

Front 27

mitral valve

Back 27

left AV valve separating the left atria and ventricle

Front 28

palpitation

Back 28

uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate

Front 29

paradoxical splitting

Back 29

opposite of a normal split S2, so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound

Front 30

pericardial friction rub

Back 30

high-pitched, scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed

Front 31

physiologic splitting

Back 31

normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration

Front 32

precordium

Back 32

area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels

Front 33

pulmonic regurgitation

Back 33

(pulmonic insufficiency) backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle

Front 34

pulmonic stenosis

Back 34

calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

Front 35

pulmonic valve

Back 35

right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Front 36

second heart sound (S2)

Back 36

occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic, and signals the end of systole

Front 37

summation gallop

Back 37

abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present

Front 38

syncope

Back 38

temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting), caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation

Front 39

systole

Back 39

the heart's pumping phase

Front 40

tachycardia

Back 40

rapid heart rate, >90 bpm in the adult

Front 41

third heart sound (S3)

Back 41

soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole (S3 gallop) and may be an early sign of heart failure

Front 42

thrill

Back 42

palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur

Front 43

tricuspid valve

Back 43

right AV valve separating the right atria and ventricle