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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the study of the relation among psychological, physiological, social, and most recently, spiritual factors and well-being?
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Health Psychology
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Who studies how changes in behaviour and lifestyle can potentiate well-being and attenuate psychopathology or organic pathology?
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Health Psychologists
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What is the process that occurs in response to events that disrupt, or threaten to disrupt, our physical or psychological functioning?
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Stress
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What is an environmental event, situation, or stimulus that threatens an organism or causes stress?
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Stressor
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What is the difference b/w stress and a stressor?
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Stress is a process and a stressor is an event, situation, or stimulus.
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What is an environmental event or stimulus that threatens an organism and that leads to a coping response, which is any response made by an organism to avoid, escape, from or minimize and aversive stimulus?
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Stressor
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Which response that accompanies stress helps mobilize resources to either flight or fee from danger, thereby facilitating survival and reproduction?
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Physiological Response
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Which physiologist coined the term fight-or-flight?
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Walter Cannon
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What term describes the physiological preparation of animals to deal with any attack, which includes for example, increased heart rate, deepening of respiraction, dilation of pupils, and increase in release of glucose from the liver?
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Fight-or-Flight Response
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This response to a stressor occurs within seconds or minutes and allows an organism to direct all energy to dealing with the threat at hand while postponing less critical autonomic activities.
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Fight-or-Flight Response
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A biological and biochemical process that begins in the brain and that spreads through the ANS, causing hormone release and eventually exerting an effect on the immune system
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Stress
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Which sex if more likely to "tend and befriend" than fight or flee, male or female?
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female
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What two ways can stress be viewed?
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Eustress and Distress
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This definition is used to describe the good or positive view of stress
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Eustress
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This definition is used to describe the bad or negative view of stress
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distress
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This occurs whenever there is change and whenever we are forced to adapt to that change
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stress
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What is the term for physiological, biological and immunological responses to stressors?
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The General Adaptation Syndrom or GAS
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Who popularized the term "stress" and contributed most our early knowledge of the stress response?
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Hans Selye
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Who used the term "stress" as part of his model of homeostasis?
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Walter Cannon
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Name that Theory: Describes the body's short-term and long-term reaction to stress.
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General Adaptation Syndrome
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GAS
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What is the first stage of GAS?
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The Alarm Stage
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In this stage of GAS, the body mobilizes its resources
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The Alarm Stage
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What is the second stage of GAS?
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The Resistance Stage
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In this stage of GAS, resistance levels fall and eventually begin to decline
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The Resistance Stage
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What is the third stage of GAS?
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The Exhausion Stage
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In this stage of GAS, resistance is depleted, leading to exhaustion.
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The Exhausion Stage
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NAME that GAS stage: The body prepares itself for immediate action/fight or flight
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ALARM STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Arousal of sympathetic nervous system releases hormones that help prepare our body to met threats or dangers
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ALARM STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Physiological responses are aimed at boosting physical abilities while reducing activities that make the organizsm vulnerable to infection after injury
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ALARM STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Result is boost in energy, tense muscles, reduced sensitivity to pain, the shutting down of digesting (so that blood will flow more efficiently to the brain, muscles, and skin), blood pressure increases, and increased output of adrenal, stress, hormones
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ALARM STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Body might be exposed to infection and disease, thus, the immune system kicks in and the body begins to fight back
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ALARM STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Arousal is lower, but our bodies continue to draw on internal resources at an above normal rate in order to cope effectively
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RESISTANCE STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Defenses are prepared for a longer, sustained attack against the stressor
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RESISTANCE STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Immunity to disease increases in the body maximizes its defences
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RESISTANCE STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Physiological responses make the body vulnerable to other stressors
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RESISTANCE STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: You may find you are more easily annoyed by minor frustrations
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RESISTANCE STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Continued exposure to the same stressor, or the appearance of additional stressors, drains the body of its resources and leads to the next stage
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RESISTANCE STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Our capacity to resist is depleted
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EXHAUSTION STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Our susceptibility to illness increases
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EXHAUSTION STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Our physiological and immune system fail
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EXHAUSTION STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Bodily organs that were already weak before the stress are the first to fail
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EXHAUSTION STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Tense muscles may lead to headache and neck pain
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EXHAUSTION STAGE
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NAME that GAS stage: Increased blood pressure may lead to chronic hypertension or high blood pressure
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EXHAUSTION STAGE
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During a stress response, the hypothalamus secretes a hormone called:
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CRF
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Corticotrophine-releasing factor
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The secretion of CRF triggers the pituitary gland to release this hormone into the blood stream:
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ACTH
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone
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This hormone acts on the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland
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ACTH
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This hormone affects the availability of the fuel supply (carbohydrate, fat, and glucose metabolism), which is needed to respond to stress
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Cortisol
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If the levels of this hormone stay increased for too long then muscle breakdown, a decrease inflammatory response, and suppression of the immune (defense) system occur
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Cortisol
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These catecholmines are released during stress:
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Norepinephrine and Epinenphrine
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This release of this catecholmine is for energy levels, and experience of anxiety and anger and arousal and viligance
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Norepinephrine
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The release of this catecholmine raises heart rate and blood pressure
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Norepinephrine
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This release of this catecholmine is for flight/fight response, causes a burst of energy after an exciting event
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Epinephrine
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The release of this catecholmine stimulates the heart, blood sugar level, muscular stength and visceral responses
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Epinephrine
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This is the fight-flight hormone
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Cortisol
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This hormone increases heart rate and blood pressure
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Cortisol
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This field of science studies the response of the body's mechanism for dealing with invading variables
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Psychoneuroimmunology
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This is the body's mechanism for dealing with invading microorganisms, such as allergens, bacteria, and viruses.
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The immune system
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This reduces the ability of the immune system to funciton at its best
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Stress
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Effects of Chronic Stress Increased sympathetic activity and decreases cellular immunity of this system
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Immune System
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Effects of Chronic Stress: Immune cells to migrate to different autoimmune and allergic conditions of this system
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Immune System
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Chronic Stress: Over time, the positive acute mobilization of immune cells in the response to challenge is suppressed in this system
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Immune System
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Effects of Chronic Stress: Increase the risk of coronary heart disease in this system
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Cardiovascular and Metabolic System
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Effects of Chronic Stress: Elevate blood pressure in this system
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Cardiovascular and Metabolic System
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Effects of Chronic Stress: Increase Atherosclerosis in this system
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Cardiovascular and Metabolic System
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Effects of Chronic Stress: Increase risk of myocardial infarction in this system
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Cardiovascular and Metabolic System
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Effects of Chronic Stress: Increase likelihood of obesity in this system
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Cardiovascular and Metabolic System
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The Immune System is made up of three types of specialized white blood cells known as:
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Lymphocites
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The three types of lymphocites that make up the immune system are:
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B-Cells, T-Cells and Natural Killer Cells
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These kind of lymphocites produce antibodies, protein molecules that attach themselves to foreign agents and mark them for destruction:
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B-Cells
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This kind special kind of B-Cell remembers specific invaders, making for easier identification in the future
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Memory B-Cells
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These kind of lymphocites are often involved in attacking the intruders and also sometimes act as helper cells by increasing the activation of the IS
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T-Cells
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These kinds of lymphocytes are esepcially potent in killing viruses and also help attack tumours
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Natural Killer Cells
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How does both immediate and long-term stress on physical health effect lymphocyte production?
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It decreases lymphocyte production
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What is the opposite of Normal Homeostasis?
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Disrupted Homeostasis
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What is the opposite of Protective Mode?
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Vulnerable Mode
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How do positive emotions effect immune responses?
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Positive emotions improve immune response
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How do negative emotions effect immune responses?
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Negative emotions compromise immune response
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These cells are produced in the Thymus
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T-Cells
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These cells carry out the activity of the immune system
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lymphocytes
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These cells are produced outside the Thymus
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B-Cells
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These cells do not secrete antibodies but are essential for antibody production
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T-Cells
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These cells secret antibodies to inactivated antigens inhibiting disease
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B-Cells
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This part of the brain is located at the base of the neck behind the breastbone and is essential in the maturation of IS
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Thymus
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This hormone is secreted by the thymus causing T-Cells to mature
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Thymosin
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This results when T-Cells and B-Cells are activated and some of their substances become memory cells; thus the next time it encounters the same antigen, IS is primed to destroy it
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Acquired Immunity
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By this age, the Thymus's size/function has shrunk about 75%
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20
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By this age, the Thymus is virtually gone
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60
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Name that Theory: Stress occurs only to the extent that the individuals involved perceive the situation as threatening to them and beleive they will be unable to cope with its dangers or demands
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Cognitive Appraisal Theory of Stress
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Based on Caroline Thomas's Research, which disease is the most correlated with psychological traits?
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Cancer
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This type of personality equates personal relationships with suffering and rejections
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Cancer-Prone Personality
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This type of personality conceals their true feelings of isolation behind a mask of cheerful self-confidence
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Cancer-Prone Personality
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According to the Blumberg Study, how to people who are expressive in nature and at times show bizarre personalities respond to therapy?
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Well
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According to the Blumberg Study, how to people who are consistently serious, overcooperative, over-nice, overanxious, painfully sensitive, apologetic personalities respond to therapy?
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Do not respond well
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What has tremendous impact in how we perceive stress, and mainly, the world, thus our condition of health
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Our belief
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Who believes that explanatory style can be changed such that we can learn to acquire more positive based belief systems that would change the way we perceive and interpret stress or challenging events?
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Martin Seligman
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A person with this kind of belief system assumes the problem is stable, or never-ending and they are sure it will never go away instead of it is a one-time thing
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Pessimists
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A person with this kind of belief system believes the problem is global, that it affects a broad spectrum of activities instead of an isolated incident?
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Pessimists
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A person with this kind of belief system believes that a bad event is going to ruin their whole life instead of seeing it as something with a specific cause that has no bearing on the rest of their life?
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Pessimists
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A person with this kind of belief system tends to attribute their problems to permanent personal inadequacies that undermine everything they do
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Pessimists
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A person with this kind of belief system usually views a setback as a one-time thing attributable to bad luck, some external factor, or at least to a specific cause that can be remedied
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Optimist
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This type of stress is more enduring than normal, temporary stresses such as moving, the type of season, or short-term financial setback
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Cumulative Stress
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This type of stress can arise from unresolved psychological conflicts lasting over many years
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Cumulative Stress
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This type of stress may also be due to accretion of a large number of life events, which include changes in the course of your life that require an adjustment and reordrering of your priorities, such as going off to college, changing jobs, a marriage or leaving an intimate relationship...
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Cumulative Stress
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Who developed an instrument called the Life Events Survey also known as The Social Readjustement Scale to access the number and severity of life events that occur in a two-year period?
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Dr. Holmes and Dr. Rahe
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The Homlmes-Rahe Scale assigns a numerical score to the almost four dozen stressor, or life changes that increase what?
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Risk to disease
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This might produce either headaches, fatigue, or panic attacks, depending on your particular point of greatest vulnerability
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Cumulative Stress
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