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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell division |
The reproduction of cells |
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Cell cycle |
And ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two |
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Genome |
The genetic material of an organism or virus |
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Chromosome |
The cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
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Somatic cell |
Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg |
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Gamete |
A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm |
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Chromatin |
The complex of DNA and proteins that make up a eukaryotic chromosome |
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Sister chromatid |
Either of two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere and, sometimes, along the arms |
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Centromere |
The specialized region of the chromosome where two sister chromatids are most closely attached |
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Mitosis |
A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
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Cytokinesis |
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells |
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Meiosis |
A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication |
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Interphase |
The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. During which, cellular metabolic activity is hi, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase |
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G1 phase |
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins |
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S phase |
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle: the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated |
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G2 phase |
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs |
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Prophase |
The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears, but the nucleus remains intact |
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Prometaphase |
The second stage of mitosis, and which discreet chromosomes consisting of identical sister chromatids appear, the nuclear envelope fragment, and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes |
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Metaphase |
The third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to the microtubules at their kinetochore, are all aligned at the metaphase plate |
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Anaphase |
The fourth stage of mitosis, and which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell |
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Telophase |
The fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun |
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Metaphase plate |
An imaginary plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which of the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located |
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Cleavage furrow |
The first sign of cleavage and an animal cell: a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate |
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Binary fission |
A method of asexual reproduction by "division in half" |
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G0 phase |
A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle |
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Cyclin |
A cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle |
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Cyclin |
A cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle |
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Transformation |
A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell |
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Transformation |
A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell |
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Gene |
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA |
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Karyotype |
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape |
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Crossing over |
The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during anaphase 1 of meiosis |
