Ch 11: Reproductive Behaviors

Front 1

Hormones are capable of inducing long–lasting changes throughout the body.

Back 1

True; organizing effect (produce long-lasting structural effects)

Front 2

Activating effects can occur at any time in life when a hormone temporarily activates a particular response.

Back 2

True; activating effect (temporary when a hormone increases some activity that lasts only while hormone is present, at any time in life)

Front 3

Nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal a female in its external anatomy.

Back 3

True

Front 4

The sexually dimorphic nucleus is larger in females than males.

Back 4

False; males than females

Front 5

Stimulation of the medial preoptic area increases sexual activity in rodents.

Back 5

True

Front 6

Testosterone levels continue to increase throughout a human male's lifetime.

Back 6

False

Front 7

High levels of estrogen and progesterone will prevent ovulation.

Back 7

True

Front 8

The changes in estrogen levels just before menstruation are the cause of PMS.

Back 8

False

Front 9

In general, men are more jealous of sexual infidelity than women.

Back 9

True

Front 10

There are obvious differences in external anatomy of homosexual humans compared to heterosexual humans.

Back 10

False

Front 11

Although harmful in excessive amounts, the synthesis of steroids depends on:

Back 11

cholesterol

Front 12

Two major classes of sex hormones are:

Back 12

androgens and estrogens.

Front 13

Wolffian ducts are found in:

Back 13

female and male fetuses early in development.

Front 14

What would cause a young mammal's external genitals to have an appearance intermediate between a male and a female?

Back 14

more testosterone than other females in a genetic female

Front 15

The overall mechanism of early sexual differentiation has been described by saying that nature's "default setting" is to make every mammal:

Back 15

female

Front 16

The sexually dimorphic nucleus is located in the:

Back 16

anterior hypothalamus.

Front 17

According to rodent studies, testosterone exerts a major part of its effect on:

Back 17

the hypothalamus.

Front 18

The estradiol normally found in the bloodstream of a female rat fetus neither masculinizes nor feminizes its development because it:

Back 18

is prevented from entering the developing cells, due to the alpha-fetoproteins that bind to the estradiol

Front 19

One function served by alpha–fetoprotein in the developing rat fetus is to:

Back 19

prevent estradiol from entering cells.

Front 20

Damage to the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus in rats would most likely result in:

Back 20

decreased sexual activity.

Front 21

By blocking dopamine release, some antidepressant drugs that increase serotonin levels also:

Back 21

decrease sexual activity.

Front 22

Sildenafil (Viagra) works by:

Back 22

increasing release of nitric oxide in the hypothalamus and penis.

Front 23

At what point in the menstrual cycle, if any, are women who are not on birth–control pills most likely to initiate sexual activity?

Back 23

about midway between two menstrual periods

Front 24

Many female mammals become very attentive after delivering their babies largely because of a sudden:

Back 24

surge of prolactin and oxytocin.

Front 25

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) occurs because the adrenal gland releases:

Back 25

too little cortisol.

Front 26

A hermaphrodite is an individual:

Back 26

whose genitals do not match the usual development for their genetic sex.

Front 27

Congenital adrenal hypertrophy, the most common cause of the intersex condition, occurs when the adrenal gland releases ________ than average levels of the hormone cortisol, causing the hypothalamus and pituitary to release ________ than average levels of ACTH.

Back 27

More; less ???

Front 28

Certain individuals with an XY chromosome pattern have the genital appearance of a female. This condition is known as:

Back 28

androgen insensitivity.

Front 29

When a newborn baby is found to be intersexed, how have most authorities over the past few decades recommended raising the child?

Back 29

When in doubt, call the child female.

Front 30

In the Dominican Republic, certain genetic males who were regarded in early childhood as girls have developed into boys at puberty. What happened to their gender identity?

Back 30

Most adopted a clear male gender identity.

Front 31

When examining the data on sexual orientation of twins and other siblings, what seems to be the most reasonable conclusion?

Back 31

Sexual orientation is determined by genetics as well as other factors.

Front 32

Sexual orientation has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 32

adult hormone levels.

Front 33

Most homosexual men, as compared to heterosexual men, have:

Back 33

testosterone levels within the same range.

Front 34

What has been found in studies that relate male homosexuality in humans to prenatal stressors?

Back 34

The findings are inconclusive.

Front 35

On average, the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex are of nearly equal size in ________ females, whereas the right hemisphere is a few percent larger in ________ males.

Back 35

hetereosexual, hetereosexual