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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describing people or things, relative pronouns and relative clauses |
A relative Clause provides additional information about a person or an object named in the main Clause. It elaborates on the topic. The forms of relative pronouns identical to the definite articles, except in the genitive singular and the genitive and dative plural.
Nominative Subject Ich wünsche mir einen Job, der Spaß macht. (I want a job that is fun.) Accusative Object Wie heißt der junge Mann, den du gestern kennengelernt hast? (What is the name of the young man whom you met yesterday?) Dative Object Sind Sie einer von den Menschen, denen ein sicherer Arbeitsplatz wichtig ist? (Are you one of those people to whom is secure position is important?) Genitive Object Wir sind eine Firma, deren Produkte weltbekannt sind. (We are a company whose products are known worldwide.) Prepositional Object Informatikerin ist ein Beruf, für den ich mich interessiere. (Computer scientist is an occupation in which I am interested.)
Note- -The relative pronoun cannot be omitted as it sometimes can in English. - relative pronouns correspond in gender and number to their antecedent--that is, to the noun which they refer. - The case of the relative pronoun is determined by its function within the relative clause. It can be the subject, an object, or a prepositional object. - The conjugated verb is placed at the end of the relative Clause. - A relative clause in German is always set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma.
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The Subjunctive
The subjunctive mood is used to express polite requests and to convey wishful thinking, guesses, and conditions that are contrary to the fact. You're already familiar with one frequently use subjunctive form, möchte, (would like), used to express a polite request. |
The present subjunctive 2 is based on the simple past forms.
- irregular weak and strong verbs with an a, o, or u in the simple past add an umlaut to the vowel. haben (inf) - hatte (simple past) - hätte (present subjunctive) werden (inf) - wurde (s.p.) - würde (p.s.) - modals with an umlaut in the infinitive retain this umlaut in the Subjunctive. können-konnte-könnte mögen-mochte-möchte - modals with no umlaut remain unchanged wollen-wollte-wollte - In spoken German, one of the most commonly used forms of the subjunctive is würde + infinitive. Like English would, the würde form can be used with almost any infinitive to express polite request to wishes or to give advice. Würdest du mir helfen? (would you help me?) Ich würde gerne mitkommen. ( I would like to come along.) - verbs that are generally used less frequently with würde include sein, haben, wissen, and the modals. |
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The use of würde with an infinitive |
Unspoken German, one of the most commonly used forms of the subjunctive in is würde plus infinitive. Like English would, the würde form can be used with almost any infinitive to express polite requests or wishes, or to give advice.
Würdest du mir helfen? (Would you help me?) Ich würde gerne mitkommen. (I would like to come along.)
- Verbs that are generally used less frequently with würde include sein, haben, wissen, and the modals. |
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Expressing wishes and hypothetical situations |
-Ich wünschte, ich wäre mit der Arbeit fertig. ( I wish I were finished with work.) - Dann würde ich ins Kino mitkommen. (Then I would come along to the movies.) - Ich käme gerne mit. (I would like to come along.) - Wenn Benzin doch nicht so teuer wäre. (If only gasoline weren't so expensive.) - Wenn ich nur wüsste, wo meine Schlüssel sind. (If I only knew where my keys were.) |
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The present subjunctive II: strong and weak verbs |
-Strong verbs with a, o, or u in the simple past tense add an umlaut in the subjunctive II. All strong verbs also add the ending - e in the first and third person singular. The - e- in the second person is optional. Kommen - kam- käme Sein-war-wäre Fahren - fuhr - führe Bleiben - blieb - bliebe Gehen - ging - ginge - While the subjunctive II forms the strong verbs are increasingly replaced with würde plus infinitive, they are still used with a few common verbs like gehen, kommen, fahren, and bleiben. You'll encounter such subjunctive II forms mostly in writing. -Die Gäste kämen pünktlich, wenn es nicht regnen würde. (The guests would come on time if it weren't raining.) -Ich bliebe länger, wenn ich nicht so früh aufstehen müsste. (I would stay longer if I didn't have to get up so early.) - The present subjunctive II of weak verbs as identical to the simple past tense. wünschen-wünschte-wünschte However, normal würde plus infinitive is used with weak verbs -Irregular weak verbs, as already pointed out on p. 357, add an umlaut to a, o, or u in subjunctive II. wissen-wusste-wüsste -For emphasis, doch and nur are often added to wishes introduced with wenn. |
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The expression an deiner Stelle (If I were you I in your place) is always used with a verb in subjunctive. The possessive adjective changes depending on the person in question. |
An deiner Stelle würde ich alles bar bezahlen. (If I were you, I would pay cash for everything.) An seiner Stelle würde ich nicht warten. (If I were in his place, I would not wait) |
