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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteriostatic |
Inhibits bacterial growth the generally does not kill the organism |
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Bactericidal |
Usually kills target organisms
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Intrinsic resistance |
Antibacterial resistance resulting from normal genetic, structural, or physiologic state of microorganism
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Acquired resistance |
Antibiotic resistance resulting from altered cellular physiologic structure caused by changes in microorganism’s usual genetic makeup
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Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) |
Lowest anti-microbial agent concentration that completely inhibits visible bacterial growth
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Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) |
99.9 % reduction in CFUs/mL compared with the organism concentration in the original inoculum
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Serum bactericidal test (SBT) |
Using patients served to detect bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity and the antibacterial impact of factors other than antibiotics
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What is the goal of antimicrobial susceptibility testing |
Determine if the pathogen is capable of expressing resistance to potential choices of anti-microbial agents or no known resisted mechanism is detected
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Mode of action- Ciprofloxacin |
DNA and RNA synthesisinhibition
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Mode of action- Cephalosporins |
Cell wall synthesis inhibition
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Mode of action- Vancomycin
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Cell wall synthesis inhibition |
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Mode of action- Tetracycline |
Protein synthesis inhibition |
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Mode of action- Penicillin
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Cell wall synthesis inhibition |
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Mode of action- Gentamicin
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Protein synthesis inhibition |
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In which specimen site can nitrofurantoinand norfloxacin be used effectively?
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Urine
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What is the most importantmechanism of resistance against penicillin and how do we test for its presence
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Production of beta-lactamase by the infecting organism
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Which genus has acquired resistanceto penicillin due to its mechanism of resistance
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Staphylococcus
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What is the mechanism of highlevel resistance to Vancomycin that organisms such as Enterococcus speciesexhibit
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Production of altered cell wall precursors that do not bind the antibiotic with sufficient avidity |
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What is the function of the Clinicaland Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI)
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Organization that test organismsand publishes up-to-date tables that list potential anti-microbial agents toinclude in batteries for testing against particular organisms an organism groupsand their respective interpretations
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When preparing an inculum suspension for susceptibility testing, what is the most important factor |
Pure culture |
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Which turbidity standard iscommonly used and what is the equivalent density of bacterial suspension |
0.5 McFarland equals 1.5X10CFU/mL |
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What is the standard media base usedfor this diffusion methods of susceptibility testing
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Muellar-Hinton agar |
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What are the three interpretive categories that are used to evaluate susceptibility results |
Susceptible intermediate resistant |
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What are the specific concentration in broth dilutions called that separate the three interpretive categories |
Breakpoints |
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In microdilution broth dilutions, what is the basis used to determine the criteria for interpretation of the results as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant |
Based on correlations of the MIC with serum achievable levels for the antimicrobial agent, particular resistance mechanisms, and successful therapeutic outcomes |
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In what two circumstances is the haze of growth phenomenon not significant and can be ignored |
A. A haze of bacterial growth occurs on the agar around the disk of Trimethoprim and the Sulfonamide class of antibiotics due to the organism going through several doubling generations of growth before inhibition B. Proteus swarming can also create a haze of growth. |
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In other circumstances, such as staphylococci and enterococci against methicillin (oxacillin) or vancomycin, how is this haze interpreted and reported |
Result should be reported as resistant |
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What type of light should be used when reading these results to obtain an accurate result |
Use of transmitted light
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Mode of action- Fluoroquinolones |
inhibits DNA synthesis
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Two cation known to influences the activity of aminoglycosides are |
Calcium & Magnesium |
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The most common mechanism of beta-lactam resistance is |
Enzymatic re-inactivation |
