Microbiology - Ch 12

Front 1

Qualities of Drugs

Back 1

1.) Selectively toxic to the microbe but nontoxic to host cells
2.) Microbicidal rather than microbistatic
3.) Relatively souluble, functions even when highly diluted in body fluids
4.) Remains potent long enough to act and is not broken down or excreted prematurely
5.) Doesn't lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance
6.) Compliments or assists the activities of the host's defenses
7.) Remains inactive in tissues and body fluids
8.) Readily delivered to the site of infection
9.) Reasonably priced
10.) Does not disrupt the host's health by causing allergies or predisposing the host to other infections

Front 2

Chemotheraputic Drug

Back 2

Any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease.

Front 3

Prophylaxis

Back 3

Use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk.

Front 4

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Back 4

The use of chemotheraputic drugs to control infection.

Front 5

Antimicrobials

Back 5

All-inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin.

Front 6

Antibiotics

Back 6

Substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms.

Front 7

Semisynthetic Drugs

Back 7

Drugs which are chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural resources.

Front 8

Synthetic Drugs

Back 8

The use of chemical reactions to synthesize antimicrobial compounds in the laboratory.

Front 9

Narrow Spectrum (limited spectrum)

Back 9

Antimicrobials effective agaisnt a limited array of microbial types - for example, a a drug effective only on gram-positive bacteria.

Front 10

Broad Spectrum (extended spectrum)

Back 10

Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types - for example, a drug effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Front 11

Antibiotics

Back 11

Common metabolic products of aerobic spore-forming bacteria and Fungi

Front 12

Bacteria in Genera

Back 12

Streptomyces and Bacillus

Front 13

Molds in Genera

Back 13

Penicillium and Cephalosporium

Front 14

Selectively toxic

Back 14

Drugs should not kill or inhibit microbial cells without simultaneously damaging host tissue.

Front 15

Mechanisms of Drug Action

Back 15

1.) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
2.) Disruption of cell membrane structure or function
3.) Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
4.) Inhibition of protein synthesis
5.) Blocks on key metabolic pathways

Front 16

Cell Wall Inhibitors

Back 16

Penicillins
Cephalosporins

Front 17

Cell membrane Inhibitors

Back 17

Polymyxins

Front 18

DNA Inhibitors

Back 18

Rifampin

Front 19

Site of action: 50s Subunit

Back 19

Erythomycin

Front 20

Site of action: 30s Subunit

Back 20

Tetracyclines