Ch 10

Front 1

1.

In psychology, the term personality refers to:

A)

a person's skill in making others feel good about himself or herself.

B)

the socially desirable characteristics that a person typically displays.

C)

the way people perceive a particular person.

D)

an individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Back 1

D)

an individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Front 2

2.

Personality theories:

A)

attempt to explain how and why people are similar and different.

B)

focus on explaining the development of a specific personality characteristic, such as shyness.

C)

focus on personality types rather than on personality traits and characteristics.

D)

are impossible to test scientifically.

Back 2

A)

attempt to explain how and why people are similar and different.

Front 3

3.

Dr. Livingston maintains that unconscious mental processes and early childhood experiences are critical in the formation of personality. Dr. Livingston's beliefs reflect the _____ perspective of personality.

A)

trait

B)

social cognitive

C)

psychoanalytic

D)

humanistic

Back 3

C)

psychoanalytic

Front 4

4.

Carter believes that people are basically good and that each person will naturally strive to fulfill his or her unique potential. Carter's beliefs reflect the _____ perspective of personality.

A)

trait

B)

social cognitive

C)

psychoanalytic

D)

humanistic

Back 4

D)

humanistic

Front 5

5.

Christina believes that learning experiences play a critical role in the development of personality, especially in the development of a person's goals and beliefs about one's abilities. Christina's beliefs reflect the _____ perspective of personality.

A)

psychoanalytic

B)

trait

C)

social cognitive

D)

humanistic

Back 5

C)

social cognitive

Front 6

6.

Which definition reflects Freud's view of the id?

A)

the irrational component of personality that seeks immediate gratification

B)

the rational, organized component of personality that is sensitive to the demands of the external world

C)

the moralistic component of personality that evaluates the acceptability of behavior and thoughts

D)

the inherited mental images of universal human themes and preoccupations

Back 6

A)

the irrational component of personality that seeks immediate gratification

Front 7

7.

Which definition reflects Freud's view of the ego?

A)

the moralistic component of personality that evaluates the acceptability of behavior and thoughts

B)

the irrational component of personality that seeks immediate gratification

C)

the inherited mental images of universal human themes and preoccupations

D)

the rational, organized component of personality that is sensitive to the demands of the external world

Back 7

D)

the rational, organized component of personality that is sensitive to the demands of the external world

Front 8

8.

Ego defense mechanisms:

A)

increase anxiety.

B)

operate consciously.

C)

distort thoughts or perceptions of reality.

D)

provide a safe outlet for the libido.

Back 8

C)

distort thoughts or perceptions of reality.

Front 9

9.

Reaction formation is an ego defense mechanism that involves:

A)

attributing one's own unacceptable urges to others.

B)

channeling sexual urges into productive, nonsexual activities.

C)

behaving in a way that is the extreme opposite of unacceptable urges or impulses.

D)

atoning for an unacceptable thought or action with a second action or thought.

Back 9

C)

behaving in a way that is the extreme opposite of unacceptable urges or impulses.

Front 10

10.

Because the beginnings of his own sexual attraction to some of the girls in his seventh-grade class were so anxiety-provoking to Jeff, he often found himself teasing the girls to whom he was most attracted. Jeff's behavior is best explained by which of the following ego defense mechanisms?

A)

rationalization

B)

displacement

C)

reaction formation

D)

undoing

Back 10

C)

reaction formation

Front 11

11.

The neo-Freudians agreed with Freud's notion that:

A)

sexual urges are the primary motivator of behavior.

B)

early childhood experiences are the sole determinant of personality.

C)

basic human nature is aggressive and destructive.

D)

unconscious mental processes influence behavior.

Back 11

D)

unconscious mental processes influence behavior.

Front 12

12.

In contrast to Freud, Carl Jung believed that:

A)

there were eight stages of psychosexual development.

B)

people are driven to overcome feelings of inferiority.

C)

men often suffer from womb envy.

D)

personality continues to develop in significant ways throughout the lifespan.

Back 12

D)

personality continues to develop in significant ways throughout the lifespan.

Front 13

13.

According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious:

A)

is analogous to Freud's concept of the preconscious.

B)

gives rise to two personality types, the introvert and the extravert.

C)

is the part of the unconscious mind that reflects human evolutionary history and is common to all people.

D)

is the source of sexual and aggressive instinctual drives.

Back 13

C)

is the part of the unconscious mind that reflects human evolutionary history and is common to all people.

Front 14

14.

Jung was the first to describe the basic characteristics of which of the following personality types?

A)

the introvert versus the extravert

B)

the perceiving-judging type versus the sensing-intuitive type

C)

the neurotic type versus the psychotic type

D)

the sensing-intuitive type versus the thinking-feeling type

Back 14

A)

the introvert versus the extravert

Front 15

15.

According to psychoanalyst Karen Horney, people who move “toward” other people may have an excessive need for:

A)

power.

B)

approval and affection.

C)

independence and self-sufficiency.

D)

feelings of superiority.

Back 15

B)

approval and affection.

Front 16

16.

Humanistic psychology is a view of personality that emphasizes:

A)

reciprocal determinism.

B)

the study of psychologically healthy people.

C)

the importance of genetic factors in personality.

D)

unconscious determinants of personality and behavior.

Back 16

B)

the study of psychologically healthy people.

Front 17

17.

Humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers contended that the most basic human motive is:

A)

aggression.

B)

the pleasure principle.

C)

the actualizing tendency.

D)

striving for superiority over others.

Back 17

C)

the actualizing tendency.

Front 18

18.

According to Carl Rogers's theory of personality, a person is highly motivated to act in a way that is consistent with:

A)

his or her sense of self-efficacy in a particular situation.

B)

the behavior of others.

C)

his or her source traits.

D)

his or her self-concept.

Back 18

D)

his or her self-concept.

Front 19

19.

According to Carl Rogers, when a child senses that he is loved and valued only when he behaves in a way that is acceptable to his parents, the parents are displaying _____ toward the child.

A)

congruence

B)

self-efficacy

C)

conditional positive regard

D)

unconditional positive regard

Back 19

C)

conditional positive regard

Front 20

20.

What term did Carl Rogers use to describe a psychologically healthy person who does not deny or distort thoughts or emotions and has a flexible self-concept?

A)

a fully functioning person

B)

a self-actualized person

C)

an extravert

D)

an intuitive-feeling personality type

Back 20

A)

a fully functioning person

Front 21

21.

According to Alfred Adler, feelings of inferiority:

A)

are more prominent in women than in men.

B)

are the most fundamental archetype of the collective unconscious.

C)

motivate people to compensate for real or imagined weaknesses.

D)

are resolved during the latency stage of psychosexual development.

Back 21

C)

motivate people to compensate for real or imagined weaknesses.

Front 22

22.

Humanistic theories of personality have helped promote the scientific study of:

A)

unconscious influences on personality, emotions, and psychological conflicts.

B)

human aggression.

C)

creativity and the healthy personality.

D)

the role of genetics in personality.

Back 22

C)

creativity and the healthy personality.

Front 23

23.

According to Bandura's theory, which of the following factors is likely to contribute to the self-regulation of behavior?

A)

the strength of the person's superego

B)

effective ego defense mechanisms

C)

observing other people's behavior and the consequences of their actions

D)

experiencing unconditional positive regard from parents, teachers, and other authority figures

Back 23

C)

observing other people's behavior and the consequences of their actions

Front 24

24.

Which approach to personality focuses primarily on describing individual differences?

A)

the trait perspective

B)

the psychoanalytic perspective

C)

the humanistic perspective

D)

the social cognitive perspective

Back 24

A)

the trait perspective

Front 25

25.

Traits that are easy to infer from observable behaviors are called _____ .

A)

surface traits

B)

source traits

C)

personality types

D)

manifest traits

Back 25

A)

surface traits

Front 26

26.

According to Eysenck's theory, the four basic personality types are:

A)

psychotic-extraverted; psychotic-introverted; psychotic-stable; and psychotic-unstable.

B)

extraverted-neurotic; extraverted-stable; introverted-neurotic; and introverted-stable.

C)

extraverted-introverted; sensing-intuitive; thinking-feeling; and perceiving-judging.

D)

conscientious; agreeable; open to experience; and extraverted.

Back 26

B)

extraverted-neurotic; extraverted-stable; introverted-neurotic; and introverted-stable.

Front 27

27.

According to Eysenck's theory, _____ tend to seek out stimulating environments, while _____ tend to avoid stimulating environments.

A)

neurotics; psychotics

B)

psychotics; neurotics

C)

extraverts; introverts

D)

introverts; extraverts

Back 27

C)

extraverts; introverts

Front 28

28.

In Hans Eysenck's personality model, someone who is high on the trait dimension of psychoticism would be:

A)

warm and caring toward other people.

B)

impulsive, delusional, moody, and emotionally unstable.

C)

antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about other people.

D)

unconventional, imaginative, and creative.

Back 28

C)

antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about other people.

Front 29

29.

A self-report test designed to assess personality types rather than personality traits is called:

A)

the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionaire (16PF).

B)

the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

C)

the California Personality Inventory (CPI).

D)

the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

Back 29

B)

the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

Front 30

30.

Two self-report inventories that were originally designed to assess the personality characteristics of normal populations are:

A)

the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

B)

the California Personality Inventory (CPI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF).

C)

the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the California Personality Inventory (CPI).

D)

the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

Back 30

B)

the California Personality Inventory (CPI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF).