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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heterozygous
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when there are two different alleles for a trait
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law of independent assortment
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Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
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diploid
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cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes
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haploid
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cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes
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homologous chromosome
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paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order
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meiosis
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type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each containing hald the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell
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sperm
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haploid male sex cells produced by meiois
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egg
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haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis
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sexual reproduction
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pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells
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crossing over
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exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis; results in new allele combinations
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genetic recombination
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major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
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nondisjunction
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failure if homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes
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pedigree
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graphic representation of genetic inheritance used by geneticists to map genetic traits
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carrier
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an idividual heterozygous for a specific trait
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fetus
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a developing mammal from nine weeks to birth
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incomplete dominance
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inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygous is intermediate between those of the two homozygous; neither allele of the pair is dominant but combine and display a new trait
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codominant allele
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pattern where phenotypes of both homozygous parents are produced in heterozygous offspring so that both alleles are equally expressed
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multiple allele
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presence of more that two alleles for a genetic trait
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autosome
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pairs of matching homologous chromosomes in somatic cells
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sex chromosome
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in humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes; determin the sex of an individual and carry sexlinked characteristics
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sex-linked trait
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traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes
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polygenic inheritance
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inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by two or more genes; genes may be on the same or different chromosomes
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karyotype
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chart of metaphase chromosome pairs arranged according to length and location of the centromere; used to pinpoint unusual chromosome numbers in cells
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